A method for reducing electrode gap distances in an electronic device having a first electrode spatially separated from a second electrode by an electrode gap, the method comprising:
- selecting a nanometer gap size to bind a biological material based on a size of the biological material and binding effects with the biological material;
- coating at least one surface of an electrode gap region with a first layer including molecular recognition groups;
- coating the at least one surface with a second layer including electrically-conductive solids that are configured to bond with the molecular recognition groups, wherein the at least one surface is each of the first and second electrodes;
- and
- coating the electronic device with additional alternating layers of the molecular recognition groups and the electrically-conductive solids to reach the nanometer gap size between a first electrode and a second electrode of the electronic device.