Cathode material and methods of forming

A cathode material, comprising a substrate comprising an active cathode material, wherein at least a portion of the substrate is overlaid with a coating material comprising fluorinated carbon and M2CO3, wherein M comprises an alkali metal including Li, Na, or a combination thereof, wherein the fluorinated carbon comprises CF1, wherein the coating comprises MF, and wherein a total concentration of fluorides including the fluorinated carbon and MF is less than 805 μg/g relative to a weight of the active cathode material, and wherein a content ratio of M2CO3 to the fluorinated carbon is at least 3.6 and not greater than 11.5.

A method, comprising treating an active cathode material with an organic material including a fluorine-containing material at a temperature below 120° C.;

• and forming a coating material overlying at least a portion of the active cathode material, wherein the coating comprises CFx and M2CO3, wherein M comprises an alkali metal including Li, Na, or a combination thereof, wherein a content ratio of M2CO3 to CFx is at least 3.6 and not greater than 11.5.