Dietary supplements to ameliorate dietary inadequacies related to brain health or neurodegenerative diseases, and methods to design dietary supplements

A dietary supplement comprising:

• a water-soluble vitamin component containing about 25 mg-to about 75 mg vitamin B3 and about 0.0-1 mg to about 0.10 cyanocobalamin, an oil-soluble vitamin component containing about 0.021 mg to about 0.04 mg vitamin D and about 4910 mg to about 80mg vitamin E, magnesium or derivative thereof at about 25 mg to about 75 mg, a primary polyphenolic compound containing about 5 mg to about 15 mg myricetin or derivative thereof, about 10 mg to about 30 mg kaempferol or derivative thereof, and about 25 mg-to about 75 mg quercetin or derivative thereof, a secondary polyphenolic compound containing about 5 mg to about 400 mg of malvidin or derivative thereof, about 7.5 mg-to about 500 mg of cyanidin or derivative thereof, about 1 mg to about 12mg lutein or derivative thereof, about 0.0125 mg to about 0.0500 mg pterostilbene or derivative thereof, and about 80 mg to about 375 mg of a catechin composition, and an omega-3-phospholipid complex containing about 50 mg to about 300 mg of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and about 15 mg to about 70 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), wherein the supplement is formulated into one or more dosage forms.