Physical forms of MXene materials exhibiting novel electrical and optical characteristics

A MXene composition, comprising:

• a composition comprising a Mn+1Xn(Ts) composition and water,
• the ratio of water to the Mn+1Xn(Ts) composition—being from about 0.3 to about 0.65 on a mass basis,
• the Mn+1Xn(Ts) composition having at least one layer having a first and second surface, the layer comprising:
• a substantially two-dimensional array of crystal cells,
• each crystal cell having an empirical formula of Mn+1Xn, such that each X is positioned within an octahedral array of M,
• wherein M is at least one Group 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 metal,
• wherein each X is C, N, or a combination thereof and n=1, 2, or 3, and
• wherein at least one of said surfaces of the layers has surface terminations, Ts, independently comprising alkoxide, alkyl, carboxylate, halide, hydroxide, hydride, oxide, sub-oxide, nitride, sub-nitride, sulfide, sulfonate, thiol, or a combination thereof.