Nanoparticles with tunable afterglow and compositions and methods thereof

A nanoparticle comprising

• CdSiO3 and SiO2, wherein CdSiO3 and SiO2 together form a hybrid crystalline monoclinic lattice matrix comprising CdSiO3 and SiO2 molecules, and the molar ratio of CdSiO3 to SiO2 is in the range from 5% to 10%;
• In3+, as a first dopant, wherein the molar ratio of In to Cd is in the range from 1% to 4%;
• and
• Dy3+ as a second dopant,
• wherein
• the nanoparticle has a substantially uniform spherical morphology sized in the range of 50 nm to 100 nm, and
• upon UV excitation, exhibits an afterglow lasting 1 hour or longer.