System and methods for impedance-based non-invasive intracranial monitoring

A method for non-invasive intracranial monitoring, comprising:

• applying, by processing circuitry, a voltage potential as an electrical stimulus between two or more affecting electrodes, the two or more affecting electrodes being arranged between a conductive location of a cranium of a patient and a location on a scalp of the patient;
• measuring, by the processing circuitry, an electric current as an electrical stimulus differential between two or more effected electrodes, the two or more effected electrodes being arranged between the conductive location of the cranium of the patient and the location on the scalp of the patient;
• calculating, by the processing circuitry and for the two or more effected electrodes, a value of an impedance metric;
• identifying, by processing circuitry and based on the calculated value of the impedance metric, a health condition of the patient,
• applying a regional electrical stimulus between an affecting electrode arranged at the conductive location and one of the plurality of affecting electrodes arranged around the scalp of the patient and proximate one of the plurality of symmetrically-arranged effected electrodes, the two or more effected electrodes including a plurality of effected electrodes arranged symmetrically around the scalp of the patient, the two or more affecting electrodes including a plurality of affecting electrodes arranged around the scalp of the patient, one of the plurality of affecting electrodes being proximate one of the plurality of symmetrically-arranged effected electrodes, each one of the plurality of affecting electrodes and a respective one of the plurality of symmetrically-arranged effected electrodes defining a regional pair, the one of the plurality of affecting electrodes and the proximate one of the plurality of symmetrically-arranged effected electrodes defining a first regional pair of electrodes corresponding to a first region of a brain of the patient,
• measuring an electrical stimulus differential between an effected electrode arranged at the conductive location and the proximate one of the plurality of symmetrically-arranged effected electrodes of the first regional pair of electrodes,
• calculating, for the first region of the brain of the patient and based on the measured electrical stimulus differential, a value of a first regional impedance metric, and identify, based on the calculated value of the first regional impedance metric, a focal health condition of the patient;
• applying a subsequent regional electrical stimulus between an affecting electrode arranged at the conductive location and an affecting electrode, of a second regional pair of electrodes, arranged around the scalp of the patient, the second regional pair of electrodes corresponding to a second region of the patient,
• measuring a subsequent electrical stimulus differential between an effected electrode arranged at the conductive location and an effected electrode of the second regional pair of electrodes,
• calculating, for the second region of the brain of the patient and based on the measured subsequent electrical stimulus differential, a value of a second regional impedance metric, compare the calculated value of the first regional impedance metric and the calculated value of the second regional impedance metric, and
• identifying based on the comparison, a differential focal health condition of the patient.

A system for non-invasive intracranial monitoring, comprising:

• electrodes arranged between a conductive location of a cranium of a patient and a location on a scalp of the patient;
• and
• processing circuitry configured to
• apply a voltage potential as an electrical stimulus between the electrodes,
• measure an electric current as an electrical stimulus differential between the electrodes,
• calculate, for the electrodes, a value of an impedance metric, and
• identify, based on the calculated value of the impedance metric, a health condition of the patient,
• wherein the electrodes include a plurality of electrodes arranged symmetrically around the scalp of the patient,
• each of the plurality of symmetrically-arranged electrodes around the scalp of the patient define a region of a brain of the patient, and
• the processing circuitry is further configured to
• apply a regional electrical stimulus between an electrode arranged at the conductive location and a first one of the plurality of symmetrically-arranged electrodes, the regional electrical stimulus being applied to a corresponding first region of the brain,
• measure an electrical stimulus differential between the electrode arranged at the conductive location and the first one of the plurality of symmetrically-arranged electrodes of the first region of the brain,
• calculate, for the first region of the brain of the patient and based on the measured electrical stimulus differential, a value of a first regional impedance metric, and
• identify, based on the calculated value of the first regional impedance metric, a focal health condition of the patient,
• apply a subsequent regional electrical stimulus between an affecting electrode arranged at the conductive location and an affecting electrode, of a second regional pair of electrodes, arranged around the scalp of the patient, the second regional pair of electrodes corresponding to a second region of the patient,
• measure a subsequent electrical stimulus differential between an effected electrode arranged at the conductive location and an effected electrode of the second regional pair of electrodes,
• calculate, for the second region of the brain of the patient and based on the measured subsequent electrical stimulus differential, a value of a second regional impedance metric,
• compare the calculated value of the first regional impedance metric and the calculated value of the second regional impedance metric, and
• identify, based on the comparison, a differential focal health condition of the patient.