Electrostatic holder, object table and lithographic apparatus

An object table comprising:

• a positioning device configured to move the object table in at least one direction;
• an electrostatic holder comprising:
• a body comprising a recess and an outer edge that defines a gap between the outer edge and the positioning device;
• a clamping element arranged in the recess and attached to the body such that there is a first space between the clamping element and the body, the clamping element comprising an electrode configured to apply an attractive force between the clamping element and the positioning device to clamp the positioning device on a side of the body;
• and
• a seal arranged between a bottom of the recess and the clamping element and comprising one or more holes opposite to the outer edge, the seal configured to provide a gas barrier at a circumference of the first space;
• and
• a gas supply system configured to provide a fluid to the first space and through the one or more holes in the seal such that the gap outputs the fluid.