Polymers for use as anion exchange membranes
AssigneeEnvision Energy USA Ltd.
InventorsMichael K. Pagels, Cheyenne R. Peltier
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Abstract
Polymers for use as an Anion Exchange Membranes (AEMs) and produce an alkaline stable AEM. The multinuclear aromatic and amine-functionalized acetal (ketal) come together to form a polymer with a hydrocarbon backbone that is stable to alkaline conditions. The use of an amine-functionalized acetal allows for the incorporation of a stable cation, dimethyl piperidinium, in the most stable confirmation while avoiding incorporation of a CF3 group with every cation. The amines within the amine-functionalized polyaromatic that results from this polymerization are quaternized to form the desired cationic groups to create an AEM that is mechanically robust, conductive, and stable.
Claims22
A polymer comprising a reaction product of a polymerization mixture, comprising:
- a multinuclear aromatic compound having a formula:
- and
- a cyclic-amine-functionalized acetal or ketal having a formula:
- or
- an amine-functionalized acetal or ketal having a formula:
- and
- a comonomer having a formula in any of a following group:
- wherein:
- R1 is each independently alkyl, aromatic, heteroaromatic, or hydrogen;
- R2 is nothing, methylene, alkyl, aromatic, heteroaromatic, amino, sulfide, sulfonyl, or ether linkages;
- R3 is hydrogen or methyl;
- R4 is alkyl, or covalently linked to R4 to form a ring;
- R5 is each independently hydrogen, alkyl, cyclic alkyl;
- R6 is each independently hydrogen, alkyl, cyclic alkyl or covalently linked to R5 to form a ring;
- R8 is hydrogen, alkyl, cyclic alkyl, aromatic, heteroaromatic;
- R9 is heteroaromatic;
- and
- x is an integer from 0 to 6.
An anion exchange polymer (AEM), wherein the AEM comprising:
- a first repeating unit of formula one:
- or,
- a second repeating unit of formula two:
- wherein:
- R1 is each independently alkyl, aromatic, heteroaromatic, polycyclic aromatic, or hydrogen;
- R2 is nothing, methylene, alkyl, aromatic, heteroaromatic, polycyclic aromatic, amino, sulfide, sulfonyl, or ether linkages;
- R3 is hydrogen or methyl;
- R5 is hydrogen, C1-C20 alkyl, and C5-C10 cycloalkyl;
- R6 is hydrogen, C1-C20 alkyl, and C5-C10 cycloalkyl, or covalently linked to R5 to form a ring;
- R7 is hydrogen, C1-C20 alkyl, and C5-C10 cycloalkyl;
- R10 is each independently hydrogen or derived from polymerization products of comonomer;
- R11 is each independently hydrogen or derived from polymerization products of comonomer;
- y is an integer from 0 to 6, and optionally comprises a linear, branched, or cyclic hydrocarbons;
- n is an integer corresponding to 1 to less than 100 mole % of a total repeating units in the polymer;
- and
- X− is an anion.
A prepolymer, wherein the prepolymer comprising:
- a first repeating unit of formula one:
- or,
- a second repeating unit of formula two:
- wherein:
- R1 is each independently alkyl, aromatic, heteroaromatic, polycyclic aromatic, or hydrogen;
- R2 is nothing, methylene, alkyl, aromatic, heteroaromatic, polycyclic aromatic, amino, sulfide, sulfonyl, or ether linkages;
- R3 is hydrogen or methyl;
- R5 is hydrogen, C1-C20 alkyl, and C5-C10 cycloalkyl;
- R6 is hydrogen, C1-C20 alkyl, and C5-C10 cycloalkyl, or covalently linked to R5 to form a ring;
- R10 is each independently hydrogen or derived from polymerization products of comonomer;
- R11 is each independently hydrogen or derived from polymerization products of comonomer;
- y is an integer from 0 to 6, and optionally comprises a linear, branched, or cyclic hydrocarbons;
- n is an integer corresponding to 1 to less than 100 mole % of a total repeating units in the prepolymer.
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.