Roadside photovoltaic site selection method considering glare impact

A roadside photovoltaic site installation method considering a glare impact, comprising:

• S1, obtaining latitudes, longitudes, ground elevations, and contour vertex heights of photovoltaic modules above ground at a proposed installation location of a photovoltaic array, and collecting nearby solar radiation observation data;
• S2, calculating a sun movement path comprising a solar altitude angle and a solar azimuth angle, and determining an installation manner of the photovoltaic array at the proposed installation location based on predicted solar radiation on inclined surfaces of the photovoltaic array at the proposed installation location, wherein the installation manner comprises an optimal tilt angle and an optimal azimuth angle for a fixed arrangement;
• S3, calculating an elevation angle and an azimuth angle of each of reflected lights caused by the inclined surfaces based on sun positions at different seasons and times and inclined surface angle information of the photovoltaic modules of the photovoltaic array;
• S4, determining an affected road length range based on a spatial geometric relationship between the reflected lights and adjacent roads of the photovoltaic array, determining observation paths along a road centerline facing the reflected lights, arranging observation points at predetermined intervals, and conducting a glare impact analysis for each of the observation points;
• S5, determining whether to adjust an installation tilt angle of each of the photovoltaic modules or distances between adjacent photovoltaic modules based on results of the glare impact analysis for each of the observation points, and finding a critical tilt angle of each of the photovoltaic modules, wherein the critical tilt angle of each of the photovoltaic modules does not produce glare hazards, wherein the results of the glare impact analysis comprise:
• static glare impact grading and duration, and whether a flicker effect occurs;
• S6, comparing solar radiation received on an inclined surface of each of the photovoltaic modules at the critical tilt angle and the optimal tilt angle;
• in response to a difference in the solar radiation less than a set value, accepting the critical tilt angle as the installation tilt angle, and in response to the difference in the solar radiation greater than or equal to the set value, taking measures to eliminate the glare impact, or marking a corresponding installation location as unsuitable;
• and
• S7, completing the glare impact analysis and an evaluation for all the observation points along each of the observation paths, and providing recommended installation locations, wherein the recommended installation locations do not produce the glare hazards, and installing the photovoltaic modules at the recommended installation locations;
• wherein at the step S3:
• a bracket tilt angle on a curved road section is equal to a monthly optimal tilt angle βopt of each of the photovoltaic modules, an azimuth angle Φ of each of the photovoltaic modules is equal to a bracket azimuth angle and consistent with an azimuth angle of a slope surface or the road centerline of the curved road section, the solar altitude angle is denoted as α, the solar azimuth angle is denoted as θ, the installation tilt angle of each of the photovoltaic modules is denoted as β, and an azimuth angle of each of the photovoltaic modules is denoted as Φ, and a direction unit vector of each of the reflected lights is {right arrow over (q)}=[qx, qy, qz]T, calculated according to an equation (15):
• {right arrow over (q)}=MT×{right arrow over (b)} (15);
• MT represents a transpose matrix of a matrix M, and expressions for the matrix M and a vector {right arrow over (b)} are as follows:
• M
• =
• [
• 0
• -
• n
• z
• n
• y
• n
• z
• 0
• -
• n
• x
• -
• n
• y
• n
• x
• 0
• n
• x
• n
• y
• z
• ]
• ;
• b
• →
• =
• [
• -
• n
• z
• ⁢
• k
• y
• +
• n
• y
• ⁢
• k
• z
• n
• z
• ⁢
• k
• x
• -
• n
• x
• ⁢
• k
• z
• -
• n
• y
• ⁢
• k
• x
• +
• n
• x
• ⁢
• k
• y
• -
• (
• n
• x
• ⁢
• k
• x
• +
• n
• y
• ⁢
• k
• y
• +
• n
• z
• ⁢
• k
• z
• )
• ]
• ;
• {right arrow over (n)}=[nx, ny, nz] represents an outward normal unit vector of the inclined surface of each of the photovoltaic modules, {right arrow over (k)}=[kx, ky, kz] represents a direction unit vector of an incident light, and component expressions of {right arrow over (n)} and {right arrow over (k)} are as follows:
• nx=sin β sin Φ;
• ny=sin β cos Φ;
• nz=cos β;
• kx=cos(−α)cos(270°−θ);
• ky=cos(−α)sin(270°−θ);
• kz=sin(−α);
• after obtaining the direction unit vector of each of the reflected lights {right arrow over (q)}=[qx, qy, qz]T, the elevation angle η and the azimuth angle ψ of each of the reflected lights are obtained by converting the direction unit vector of each of the reflected lights from a Cartesian vector to horizontal coordinates, as follows:
• η=arcsin(qz) (16);
• ψ
• =
• arctan
• ⁡
• (
• q
• x
• q
• y
• )
• ;
• (
• 17
• )
• an impact range of the reflected lights is determined after calculating directions of the reflected lights.