Two-dimensional electronic sum-frequency generation apparatus and methods

A two-dimensional electronic sum frequency generation (2D-ESFG) apparatus, the apparatus comprising:

• an amplifier comprising a laser source adapted to emit a laser light;
• a noncollinear optical parametric amplifier (NOPA) adapted to shape the laser light emitted from the amplifier;
• a dispersive filter pulse shaper adapted to generate a pulse pump pair from the laser light shaped by the NOPA;
• a synchronizer comprising a galvanometer mirror adapted to reflect the pulse pump pair;
• and
• a detector adapted to detect a wavelength of the pulse pump pair.

A method, the method comprising:

• emitting a light from an amplifier to a first beam splitter, the first beam splitter configured to produce a first portion of light and a second portion of light;
• producing a third portion of light and a fourth portion of light by directing the second portion of light to a second beam splitter;
• directing the first portion of light to a broadband optical parametric amplifier (BOPA);
• directing the third portion of light to an etalon comprising two or more partially reflective substrate optical flats;
• directing the fourth portion of light to a noncollinear optical parametric amplifier (NOPA), wherein the fourth portion of light exits the NOPA and is directed to a dispersive filter pulse shaper;
• producing an electronic sum frequency generation (ESFG) light by overlaying the first portion of light exiting the BOPA, the third portion of light exiting the etalon, and the fourth portion of light exiting the dispersive filter pulse shaper on a sample;
• splitting the ESFG light using a synchronizer to form a first portion of ESFG light and a second portion of ESFG light;
• and
• detecting the first portion of ESFG light and the second portion of ESFG light.