Galvanically functionalized sensors

A method for the in vivo electrochemical determination of a glucose analyte comprising:

• transcutaneously implanting an in vivo biosensor beneath a patient's skin in contact with a bodily fluid comprising glucose,
• the in vivo biosensor comprising a substrate, a working electrode comprising a first electrically conductive pad, a counter and/or reference electrode comprising a second electrically conductive pad, a mediator layer electrodeposited on and in direct contact with the working electrode, the mediator layer consisting of manganese and/or MnO2, and an enzyme layer in diffusion-enabling contact with the mediator layer, the enzyme layer comprising a glucose oxidase, the mediator layer and the enzyme layer being separate from each other;
• closing an electrical circuit comprising the working electrode, the mediator layer, and the counter electrode;
• applying a voltage to the electrical circuit;
• measuring the resulting current;
• and
• determining the glucose analyte in the bodily fluid from the measured current.