Chromatographic columns and separation devices comprising a superficially porous material; and use thereof for supercritical fluid chromatography and other chromatography

A superficially porous material having the Formula 1:

• [X](W)a(Q)b(T)c Formula 1
• wherein:
• X is a superficially porous inorganic/organic hybrid material or a superficially porous particulate material comprising a substantially nonporous core and one or more layers of a porous shell material surrounding the core, wherein an average particle size of the material is less than 2 microns;
• W includes hydrogen and/or includes hydroxyl on the surface of X;
• Q is bound directly to X and comprises a first hydrophilic, polar, ionizable, and/or charged functional group that chromatographically interacts with an analyte, and is selected from the group consisting of:
• wherein
• Z represents a surface attachment group having the formula:
• (B1)x(R5)y(R6)zSi—,
• wherein,
• x is 1,
• z is 1,
• and
• each occurrence of R5 and R6 independently represents a protected alcohol or deprotected alcohol, and
• B1 represents a siloxane bond;
• T is bound directly to X and comprises a second hydrophilic, polar, ionizable, and/or charged functional group that chromatographically interacts with the analyte;
• and
• a is >0, b is >0, and c is 0.