Production of gas diffusion electrodes comprising ion transport resins for electrochemical reduction of CO2

A gas diffusion electrode comprising:

• a carrier;
• a first catalyst layer disposed on the carrier, the first layer comprising a binder mixed with particles of at least one metal, and an anion transport material dispersed in the binder;
• a second base layer comprising the at least one metal M and a second binder without the anion transport material, the second layer disposed between the carrier and the first layer;
• and
• an overlap zone including an interface between the first catalyst layer and the second base layer defined by characteristics of both the first catalyst layer and the second base layer and having a thickness of 1-20 μm;
• wherein the binder content in the first layer is less than in the second layer;
• wherein the first layer and the second layer each comprise respective hydrophobic pores and/or channels;
• wherein a first surface of the first layer faces the carrier and the second layer, and a second surface of the first layer faces away from the carrier and the second layer;
• wherein the second surface has hydrophilic properties;
• wherein the at least one metal is selected from the group consisting of:
• Ag, Au, Cu, and PD;
• wherein the anion transport material comprises an ion exchange resin or a zeolite with a cation blocker function and conducting OH ions and/or HCO3 through the first layer;
• and
• wherein the anion transport material comprises no imidazolium-, pyridinium-, or β-hydrogen-containing groups.