Controlling hybrid-electric or all-electric powertrains and propulsion systems

A method of controlling a powertrain of an aircraft, the method comprising:

• determining a power level-upper control limit (power level-UCL) for the powertrain, the powertrain electrically coupled to an energy storage system;
• determining a power level-lower control limit (power level-LCL) for the powertrain by determining an available storage power capacity, the available storage power capacity comprising a difference resulting from subtracting (i) an aggregate obverse power level request from (ii) a charging threshold, the charging threshold comprising a threshold level for supplying electrical power to the energy storage system;
• and
• determining a power level command for the powertrain, the power level command determined based at least in part on one of the power level-UCL or the power level-LCL;
• wherein the power level-UCL corresponds to a difference between the aggregate obverse power level request and a power discharge threshold;
• and
• wherein determining the power level command for the powertrain comprises limiting the power level command by the one of the power level-UCL or the power level-LCL.

A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising computer-executable instructions, which when executed by a processor associated with an electronic controller for a powertrain for an aircraft, cause the electronic controller to perform a method comprising:

• determining a power level-upper control limit (power level-UCL) for the powertrain, the powertrain electrically coupled to an energy storage system;
• determining a power level-lower control limit (power level-LCL) for the powertrain by determining an available storage power capacity, the available storage power capacity comprising a difference resulting from subtracting (i) an aggregate obverse power level request from (ii) a charging threshold, the charging threshold comprising a threshold level for supplying electrical power to the energy storage system;
• and
• determining a power level command for the powertrain, the power level command determined based at least in part on one of the power level-UCL or the power level-LCL;
• wherein the power level-UCL corresponds to a difference between the aggregate obverse power level request and a power discharge threshold;
• and
• wherein determining the power level command for the powertrain comprises limiting the power level command by the one of the power level-UCL or the power level-LCL.