Systems, methods, and terminals for synchronization of signal timing between a first terminal and a second terminal

A system for synchronizing signal timing of a radio frequency (RF) signal comprising a phase and a plurality of frames, the system comprising:

• a first terminal comprising a signal analyzing module;
• a second terminal on an orbiting satellite, the second terminal including a clock, a phase inversion module, and a direct radiating array, the clock outputting a clock signal at a frame interval;
• wherein the first terminal is configured to transmit the signal to the second terminal;
• wherein the second terminal is configured to receive the signal transmitted from the first terminal, periodically invert the phase of the signal at the frame interval using the phase inversion module to produce an inversion coded signal comprising at least one phase inversion point, and transmit the inversion coded signal to the first terminal using the direct radiating array;
• and
• wherein the first terminal is configured to receive the inversion coded signal and determine signal transmission timing by measuring a discrepancy between a phase inversion point and a beginning point of a next frame using the signal analyzing module.