# US 12,604,139 B2 · Adaptive resonance-controlled audio systems and methods > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,604,139 B2 - Document ID: US12604139B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 18/136,862 - Filed: 2023-04-19 - Published: 2023-11-23 - Granted: 2026-04-14 - Earliest claimed: 2022-05-20 - Assignees: Apple Inc. - Applicants: Apple Inc. - Inventors: David W. Robison; Charles C. Hoyt; Justin D. Crosby; Teemu P. Sipila; Thomas M. Jensen; Bryce D. Wolfson; Kevin M. Lynch - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12604139B2 ## CPC - H04R 3/00: Circuits for transducers (arrangements for producing a reverberation or echo sound G10K15/08; amplifiers H03F) - H04R 3/04: for correcting frequency response - H04R 29/001: {for loudspeakers (H04R29/007 takes precedence)} - H04R 3/007: {Protection circuits for transducers} - H04R 2440/00: Bending wave transducers covered by H04R, not provided for in its groups - H04R: LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS (producing sounds with frequency not determined by supply frequency G10K) ## Abstract Aspects of the subject technology relate to electronic devices having speakers. An electronic device may operate the speaker to generate audio output at one or more resonance frequencies of the speaker and/or the electronic device. This can allow the electronic device to generate particularly loud audio outputs while reducing the power consumption used to generate those audio outputs. In order, for example, to help ensure that the audio output is generated at the resonance frequencies, the electronic device can determine the resonance frequencies prior to generating the audio outputs. For example, the electronic device may determine resonance frequencies by obtaining one or more electrical characteristics of an electronic component while operating the speaker, and determine the resonance frequencies based on the obtained electrical characteristics. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method, comprising: obtaining an electrical characteristic of an electronic component of an electronic device during operation of the electronic component; determining, based on the electrical characteristic, a resonant frequency of a speaker of the electronic device; and generating an audio output with the speaker at the resonant frequency to provide an enhanced loudness of the audio output. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: detecting, by the electronic device, an emergency condition, wherein generating the audio output comprises generating the audio output responsive to the detecting. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the electrical characteristic comprises at least one of a voltage, a current, or an impedance. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the electronic component comprises a component of the speaker. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The method of claim 4, wherein the component of the speaker comprises a voice coil of the speaker. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein generating the audio output comprises: synthesizing, by the electronic device, audio content at the resonant frequency; and outputting the synthesized audio content with the speaker. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The method of claim 6, wherein synthesizing the audio content at the resonant frequency comprises synthesizing the audio content according to a coded recipe that defines a duration and a frequency of a tone, the frequency of the tone corresponding to a semitone bin corresponding to the resonant frequency. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein generating the audio output comprises: obtaining an audio file stored at the electronic device; shifting a pitch of audio content in the audio file based on the resonant frequency; and outputting, by the speaker, the audio content with the pitch shifted based on the resonant frequency. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: detecting a change in the electrical characteristic while generating the audio output with the speaker; determining an updated resonant frequency different from the resonant frequency based on the detected change in the electrical characteristic; and modifying the audio output based on the updated resonant frequency. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The method of claim 9, wherein: determining the resonant frequency comprises determining a first resonant frequency and a second resonant frequency of the speaker; and generating the audio output comprises generating the audio output based on the first resonant frequency and the second resonant frequency. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, wherein determining the updated resonant frequency different from the resonant frequency comprises determining a first change in the first resonant frequency and a second change in the second resonant frequency, the first change different from the second change, and wherein modifying the audio output based on the updated resonant frequency comprises modifying a first portion of the audio output based on the first change and modifying a second portion of the audio output based on the second change. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: detecting, based on a change in the electrical characteristic, debris in a speaker port of the speaker; and operating the speaker to purge the debris. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein determining the resonant frequency of the speaker based on the electrical characteristic comprises adjusting a model based on the electrical characteristic and obtaining the resonant frequency from the adjusted model. ### Claim 14 An electronic device, comprising: a speaker having a resonant frequency that changes over time during operation of the speaker while the speaker is un-occluded; an electronic component; and one or more processors configured to: obtain an electrical characteristic of the electronic component during operation of the speaker while the speaker is un-occluded; determine, based on the electrical characteristic, a resonant frequency of the speaker; and generate an audio output with the speaker at an output frequency that is different from the resonant frequency by an amount that is based on a frequency of a prior output tone from the speaker. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The electronic device of claim 14, further comprising an enclosure having a port for the speaker, wherein a sound-generating component of the speaker is offset from the port. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The electronic device of claim 15, wherein the port has an additional resonant frequency, and wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: determine, based on the electrical characteristic, the additional resonant frequency of the port; and update the audio output with the speaker using the resonant frequency and the additional resonant frequency. ### Claim 17 (depends on 15) The electronic device of claim 15, wherein the electronic component comprises a voice coil of the speaker, and wherein the electrical characteristic comprises an impedance of the voice coil. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The electronic device of claim 17, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: detect a change in the electrical characteristic while generating the audio output with the speaker; determine an updated resonant frequency different from the resonant frequency based on the detected change in the electrical characteristic; and modify the audio output based on the updated resonant frequency. ### Claim 19 An electronic device, comprising: a speaker; an electronic component; and one or more processors configured to: receive an emergency alert trigger; determine, responsive to the emergency alert trigger, a resonant frequency of the speaker based on an electrical characteristic of a component of the speaker; and generate, with the speaker, an emergency alert including audio content at a frequency corresponding to a semitone bin corresponding to the resonant frequency. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The electronic device of claim 19, further comprising a sensor, wherein the emergency alert trigger comprises a sensor-based trigger based on a sensor signal from the sensor. ### Claim 21 (depends on 19) The electronic device of claim 19, wherein the emergency alert trigger comprises a user input.