# US 12,603,995 B2 · Video coding using multi-resolution reference picture management > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,603,995 B2 - Document ID: US12603995B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 18/651,615 - Filed: 2024-04-30 - Published: 2024-08-22 - Granted: 2026-04-14 - Earliest claimed: 2018-12-07 - Assignees: Beijing Dajia Internet Information Technology Co., Ltd. - Applicants: Beijing Dajia Internet Information Technology Co., Ltd. - Inventors: Xianglin Wang; Yi-Wen Chen; Yunfei Zheng; Xing Wen; Yucong Chen; Yue Huang - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12603995B2 ## CPC - H04N 19/105: Selection of the reference unit for prediction within a chosen coding or prediction mode, e.g. adaptive choice of position and number of pixels used for prediction - B25G 1/00: Handle constructions - H04N 19/132: Sampling, masking or truncation of coding units, e.g. adaptive resampling, frame skipping, frame interpolation or high-frequency transform coefficient masking - H04N 19/172: the region being a picture, frame or field - H04N 19/186: the unit being a colour or a chrominance component - H04N 19/33: in the spatial domain - H04N 19/423: characterised by memory arrangements (H04N19/433 takes precedence) - H04N 19/70: characterised by syntax aspects related to video coding, e.g. related to compression standards - B26B 3/00: Hand knives with fixed blades {(handles, attaching the handles B25G)} - H04N: PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION - B25G: HANDLES FOR HAND IMPLEMENTS (attaching the blades or the like to handles of hand tools for soil working A01B1/22; handles of hand implements for harvesting A01D1/14; handles integral with brushware A46B) - B26B: HAND-HELD CUTTING TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR (for harvesting A01D; for horticulture, for forestry A01G; for butchering or meat treatment A22; for manufactering or repairing footwear A43D; nail clippers or cutters A45D29/02; kitchen equipment A47J; {vegetable slicers, julienne cutters and similar devices and holders therefor, B26D3/28}; for surgical purposes A61B; for metal B23D; cutting by abrasive fluid jets B24C5/02; plier-like tools with cutting edges B25B7/22; pincers B25C11/02; handles for hand implements, in general B25G; guillotine-type cutters B26D; {perforating by non-mechanical means, e.g. by fluid jet, B26F1/26}; for erasing B43L19/00; for textile materials D06H) ## Abstract Video coding methods and apparatuses are provided. A set of two or more pictures is coded. The set includes at least a first picture coded with a first spatial resolution, and a second picture coded with a second spatial resolution different from the first spatial resolution. The set of two or more pictures is stored in a decoded picture buffer based on corresponding spatial resolutions. The set of two or more pictures stored in the decoded picture buffer is used as a set of reference pictures for coding one or more successive pictures subsequent to the set of two or more pictures. The set of two or more pictures is incorporated into a reference picture list that contains pictures with at least two different spatial resolutions. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A video decoding method comprising: obtaining a list of reference pictures comprising a plurality of pictures stored in a decoded picture buffer, wherein the plurality of pictures comprise at least a first picture with a first spatial resolution, and a second picture with a second spatial resolution different from the first spatial resolution; obtaining a reference picture from the list of reference pictures; and decoding a current picture by using the reference picture with its original spatial resolution without ensuring the reference picture to have a same spatial resolution as the current picture; the method further comprising obtaining one or more syntax elements indicative of a picture width and a picture height for each picture of the plurality of pictures in a picture parameter set (PPS); and wherein the current picture is coded with a third spatial resolution based on the reference picture of the list of reference pictures, and wherein a ratio is determined based on the third spatial resolution and a spatial resolution of the reference picture for decoding the current picture. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The video decoding method of claim 1, wherein the second spatial resolution is less than the first spatial resolution, comprising a resolution downgrade from the first spatial resolution to the second spatial resolution, and the method further comprises downgrading the resolution in a horizontal direction only, downgrading the resolution in a vertical direction only, or downgrading the resolution in both the horizontal and vertical directions. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The video decoding method of claim 1, wherein the one or more syntax elements further comprise a syntax element indicative of a first quantity of luma samples in a first dimension of the plurality of pictures, and a syntax element indicative of a second quantity of luma samples in a second dimension of the plurality of pictures. ### Claim 4 A video coding apparatus comprising: a memory; and one or more processors coupled with the memory and configured to: obtain a list of reference pictures comprising a plurality of pictures, wherein the plurality of pictures comprising at least a first picture with a first spatial resolution, and a second picture with a second spatial resolution different from the first spatial resolution; obtain a reference picture from the list of reference pictures; and code a current picture by using the reference picture with its original spatial resolution without ensuring the reference picture to have a same spatial resolution as the current picture; wherein the one or more processors are further configured for obtaining one or more syntax elements indicative of a picture width and a picture height for each picture of the plurality of pictures in a picture parameter set (PPS); and wherein the current picture is coded with a third spatial resolution based on the reference picture of the list of reference pictures, and wherein a ratio is determined based on the third spatial resolution and a spatial resolution of the reference picture for coding the current picture. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The video coding apparatus of claim 4, wherein the second spatial resolution is less than the first spatial resolution, comprising a resolution downgrade from the first spatial resolution to the second spatial resolution, and the apparatus is further configured for downgrading the resolution in a horizontal direction only, downgrading the resolution in a vertical direction only, or downgrading the resolution in both the horizontal and vertical directions. ### Claim 6 (depends on 4) The video coding apparatus of claim 4, wherein the one or more processors are further configured for obtaining a syntax element indicative of a first quantity of luma samples in a first dimension of the plurality of pictures, and a syntax element indicative of a second quantity of luma samples in a second dimension of the plurality of pictures. ### Claim 7 A non-transitory computer readable medium storing instructions and a bitstream, wherein the instructions when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations to generate the bitstream, the operations comprising: obtaining a list of reference pictures comprising a plurality of pictures, wherein the plurality of pictures comprising at least a first picture with a first spatial resolution, and a second picture with a second spatial resolution different from the first spatial resolution obtaining a reference picture from the list of reference pictures; and coding a current picture by using the reference picture with its original spatial resolution without ensuring the reference picture to have a same spatial resolution as the current picture; wherein the operations further comprise: obtaining one or more syntax elements indicative of a picture width and a picture height for each picture of the plurality of pictures in a picture parameter set (PPS); and wherein the current picture is coded with a third spatial resolution based on the reference picture of the list of reference pictures, and wherein a ratio is determined based on the third spatial resolution and a spatial resolution of the reference picture for coding the current picture. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 7, wherein the second spatial resolution is less than the first spatial resolution, comprising a resolution downgrade from the first spatial resolution to the second spatial resolution, and the method further comprises downgrading the resolution in a horizontal direction only, downgrading the resolution in a vertical direction only, or downgrading the resolution in both the horizontal and vertical directions. ### Claim 9 (depends on 7) The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 7, wherein the one or more syntax elements further comprise a syntax element indicative of a first quantity of luma samples in a first dimension of the plurality of pictures, and a syntax element indicative of a second quantity of luma samples in a second dimension of the plurality of pictures.