# US 12,603,704 B2 · Beaconless laser alignment with beamforming > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,603,704 B2 - Document ID: US12603704B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 18/192,756 - Filed: 2023-03-30 - Published: 2024-11-07 - Granted: 2026-04-14 - Earliest claimed: 2022-03-30 - Assignees: Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Inc. - Applicants: Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Inc. - Inventors: Eduardo Antonio Rojas; Chengtao Xu - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12603704B2 ## CPC - H04B 10/118: specially adapted for satellite communication - H04B 10/1129: {Arrangements for outdoor wireless networking of information} - H04W 76/10: Connection setup - H04B: TRANSMISSION - H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72) ## Abstract A beaconless alignment approach can be used such as to facilitate establishment of an optical communication link or to enhance reliability of such an optical communication link. When laser-based free-space optical communication is used, such an approach can be referred to as an agile beaconless laser beam alignment (ABLBA) technique. Such an ABLBA technique can consume less scanning time as compared to other approaches and can be used for alignment in relation to establishing an optical communication link between stations, such as between satellites. For example, at a transmitting station, a non-optical beam can be scanned according to a first specified search pattern within an initial search field, and an optical field can be scanned according to a second specified search pattern within a refined search field, the refined search field established at least in part using an alignment identified from the scanning of the non-optical beam. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A machine-implemented method for establishing a free-space optical communication link between stations, the machine-implemented method comprising: determining an initial search field for use by a first station in establishing the free-space optical communication link with a second station; scanning a non-optical beam from a non-optical wireless transmitter of the first station according to a first specified search pattern within the initial search field; receiving a first indication from the second station that the non-optical beam has intercepted the second station; using data about the received first indication from the second station to establishing a refined search field for use by the first station in establishing the free-space optical communication link with the second station; scanning an optical field of an optical system of the first station according to a second specified search pattern within the refined search field; and receiving a second indication from the second station that the optical field is aligned with an optical system of the second station; wherein the second station comprises a second radio frequency transceiver configured to transmit data for use by the first station in determining the initial search field including the second indication indicating that the optical field is aligned with an optical system of the second station; and wherein the first station is configured to receive the second indication using a first radio frequency transceiver. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The machine-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the scanning the optical field of the optical system of the first station comprises scanning a transmitted optical beam; and wherein the receiving the second indication from the second station comprises receiving an indication that the transmitted optical beam of the first station is aligned with an optical receiver of the second station. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The machine-implemented method of claim 2, wherein free-space optical communication is established when the transmitted optical beam of the first station is aligned with the optical receiver of the second station. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The machine-implemented method of claim 3, wherein the transmitted optical beam is generated using a laser; and wherein the free-space optical communication is laser-based. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The machine-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the non-optical beam is scanned electronically. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The machine-implemented method of claim 5, wherein the non-optical beam is generated using a phased array antenna structure operating in millimeter wavelength range. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The machine-implemented method of claim 6, wherein the millimeter wavelength range is defined by one or more frequencies within a range of about 30 gigahertz to about 300 gigahertz. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The machine-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the optical field is scanned mechanically. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The machine-implemented method of claim 1, wherein determining the initial search field for use by the first station comprises receiving position data corresponding to a position of the second station. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The machine-implemented method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first specified search pattern or the second specified search pattern comprises a spiral pattern. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The machine-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the scanning the non-optical beam according to the first specified search pattern defines a coarse search; and wherein the scanning the optical field according to the second specified search pattern defines a fine search as compared to the coarse search. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The machine-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the first station and the second station comprise: respective non-optical wireless transceivers separate from the respective first and second radio frequency transceivers; and respective optical systems to perform optical communication using the free-space optical communication link. ### Claim 13 An apparatus for establishing a free-space optical communication link between stations, the apparatus comprising: a first station comprising: a first non-optical wireless transmitter configured to steer a non-optical beam according to a first specified search pattern within an initial search field; a first radio frequency transceiver configured to receive a first indication from a second station that the non-optical beam has intercepted the second station; a first optical system configured to provide scanning of an optical field according to a second specified search pattern within a refined search field, the refined search field established using the first indication; and a second station comprising a second radio frequency transceiver configured to transmit data for use by the first station in determining the initial search field; wherein the first station is configured to establish the free-space optical communication link when the optical field is aligned with the second station; wherein the second radio frequency transceiver is configured to transmit a second indication indicating that the optical field is aligned with an optical system of the second station; and wherein the first radio frequency transceiver is configured to receive the second indication; wherein the free-space optical communication link is laser-based. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The apparatus of claim 13, wherein at least one of the first specified search pattern or the second specified search pattern comprises a spiral pattern. ### Claim 15 (depends on 13) The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the non-optical beam is steered electronically. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the first non-optical wireless transmitter is configured to generate the non-optical beam using a phased array antenna structure configured to operate in a millimeter wavelength range. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the millimeter wavelength range is defined by one or more frequencies within a range of about 30 gigahertz to about 300 gigahertz. ### Claim 18 (depends on 13) The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the first optical system is configured to scan the optical field mechanically. ### Claim 19 (depends on 13) The apparatus of claim 13, wherein at least one of the first specified search pattern or the second specified search pattern comprises a spiral pattern. ### Claim 20 (depends on 13) The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the first specified search pattern defines a coarse search; and wherein the second specified search pattern defines a fine search as compared to the coarse search.