# US 12,603,577 B2 · Asymmetric half-bridge flyback power converter and method of operating the same

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- Number: US 12,603,577 B2
- Document ID: US12603577B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 18/652,090
- Filed: 2024-05-01
- Published: 2025-09-11
- Granted: 2026-04-14
- Earliest claimed: 2024-03-11
- Assignees: Chicony Power Technology Co., Ltd.
- Applicants: Chicony Power Technology Co., Ltd.
- Inventors: Min-Han Lee; Meng-Yuan Tsai
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12603577B2

## CPC

- H02M 3/3353: {having at least two simultaneously operating switches on the input side, e.g. "double forward" or "double (switched) flyback" converter}
- H02M 1/0058: {by employing soft switching techniques, i.e. commutation of transistors when applied voltage is zero or when current flow is zero (using an auxiliary actively switched resonant commutation circuit connected to an intermediate DC voltage or between two push-pull branches of an inverter bridge H02M7/4811; in resonant inverters H02M7/4815; in inverters operating from a resonant DC source H02M7/4826)}
- H02M 1/15: using active elements
- H02M 3/01: {Resonant DC/DC converters}
- Y02B 70/10: Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
- H02M: APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF (transformers H01F; dynamo-electric converters H02K47/00; controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, control or regulation of electric motors, generators or dynamo-electric converters H02P)
- Y02B: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS

## Abstract

An asymmetric half-bridge flyback power converter includes a transformer, a resonant circuit, a first switch, a second switch, a discharging switch, an energy storage capacitor, and a controller. The first switch and the second switch are connected in series at a node, and the resonant circuit is coupled between the node and the transformer. The discharging switch is coupled between the node and the energy storage capacitor. When the power converter operates in a discontinuous resonant mode, and before the first switch is turned on by the controller, the discharging switch is first turned on so that the energy storage capacitor stores energy to rise a current flowing to the node.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An asymmetric half-bridge flyback power converter comprising:
a transformer comprising a primary-side winding, a secondary-side winding, and a magnetizing inductance; the primary-side winding coupled to the secondary-side winding, and the magnetizing inductance connected to the primary-side winding in parallel,
a resonant circuit coupled to the primary-side winding,
a switching circuit comprising a first switch and a second switch connected in series at a node, and the node coupled to the resonant circuit,
a zero-voltage switching circuit coupled to the node, and comprising a discharging switch, a diode, and an energy storage capacitor connected in series, and
a controller coupled to the zero-voltage switching circuit, and the controller configured to control the first switch and the second switch to be turned on or turned off to generate an output voltage,
wherein when an output energy of the power converter is less than an energy threshold and before the first switch is turned on by the controller, the controller is configured to first turn on the discharging switch so that the energy storage capacitor stores energy to rise a current flowing to the node.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The asymmetric half-bridge flyback power converter as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the output energy is the output voltage and the output voltage is less than an a voltage threshold, the controller is configured to first turn on the discharging switch before the first switch is turned on by the controller; when the output energy is an output current of the power converter and the output current is less than a first current threshold, the controller is configured to first turn on the discharging switch before the first switch is turned on by the controller.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The asymmetric half-bridge flyback power converter as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
an auxiliary winding coupled to the primary-side winding, and
a voltage regulation circuit coupled to the auxiliary winding,
wherein the auxiliary winding is coupled to the primary-side winding to generate a winding voltage, and the voltage regulation circuit is configured to supply power to the controller according to the winding voltage.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

The asymmetric half-bridge flyback power converter as claimed in claim 3, wherein the energy storage capacitor is connected to the voltage regulation circuit in parallel, and the energy storage capacitor is configured to store a working voltage provided by the voltage regulation circuit, and the controller is configured to receive the working voltage to operate.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The asymmetric half-bridge flyback power converter as claimed in claim 4, wherein the first switch comprises a first parasitic capacitance, and a capacitance value of the first parasitic capacitance is less than an energy storage capacitance value of the energy storage capacitor.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The asymmetric half-bridge flyback power converter as claimed in claim 5, wherein when the first switch is turned on and the second switch is turned off, the magnetizing inductance stores energy of a magnetizing current,
wherein when a current value of the magnetizing current is greater than or equal to a current threshold, the controller is configured to turn off the first switch so that a second parasitic capacitance of the second switch discharges toward the node.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The asymmetric half-bridge flyback power converter as claimed in claim 6, wherein when the first switch is turned off and the second switch is turned on, the energy of the primary-side winding is transferred to the secondary-side winding and the auxiliary winding,
wherein when the first switch and the second switch are turned off and the magnetizing current releases energy to zero, the magnetizing inductance, the first parasitic capacitance, and the second parasitic capacitance generate a resonance with a resonant period.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The asymmetric half-bridge flyback power converter as claimed in claim 7, wherein the resonant period is related to a magnitude of an output current of the power converter.

### Claim 9 (depends on 7)

The asymmetric half-bridge flyback power converter as claimed in claim 7, wherein the resonant circuit comprises a resonant capacitor; when the discharging switch is turned on, the resonant capacitor charges the second parasitic capacitance, the energy storage capacitor, and the magnetizing inductance.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The asymmetric half-bridge flyback power converter as claimed in claim 9, wherein when the current rises to a second current threshold, the controller is configured to turn off the discharging switch, and the second current threshold is related to a time when the first parasitic capacitance is completely discharged.

### Claim 11

A method of operating an asymmetric half-bridge flyback power converter, the power converter comprising a transformer, a resonant circuit, a first switch, a second switch, a discharging switch, and an energy storage capacitor; the first switch and the second switch connected in series at a node, and the resonant circuit coupled between the node and the transformer; the discharging switch coupled between the node and the energy storage capacitor; the method comprising steps of:
controlling the first switch and the second switch to be turned on or turned off according to a feedback signal to generate an output voltage,
determining whether an output energy of the power converter is less than an energy threshold, and
first turning on the discharging switch when the output energy is less than the energy threshold and before the first switch is controlled to be turned on.

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

The method of operating the asymmetric half-bridge flyback power converter as claimed in claim 11, wherein when the output energy is the output voltage, further comprising steps of:
determining whether the output voltage is less than a voltage threshold, and
first turning on the discharging switch when the output voltage is less than the voltage threshold and before the first switch is controlled to be turned on.

### Claim 13 (depends on 11)

The method of operating the asymmetric half-bridge flyback power converter as claimed in claim 11, wherein when the output energy is an output current of the power converter, further comprising steps of:
determining whether the output current is less than a first current threshold, and
first turning on the discharging switch when the output current is less than the first current threshold and before the first switch is controlled to be turned on.

### Claim 14 (depends on 11)

The method of operating the asymmetric half-bridge flyback power converter as claimed in claim 11, further comprising steps of:
storing energy of a magnetizing current of the transformer when the first switch is turned on and the second switch is turned off,
turning off the first switch when a current value of the magnetizing current is greater than or equal to a current threshold, and
discharging a second parasitic capacitance of the second switch toward the node.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

The method of operating the asymmetric half-bridge flyback power converter as claimed in claim 14, further comprising steps of:
transferring the energy of the transformer to a secondary-side winding and an auxiliary winding of the power converter, and
generating a resonance with a resonant period by the magnetizing inductance, a first parasitic capacitance of the first switch, and the second parasitic capacitance of the second switch when the first switch and the second switch are turned off and the magnetizing current releases energy to zero,
wherein the resonant period is related to a magnitude of an output current of the power converter.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

The method of operating the asymmetric half-bridge flyback power converter as claimed in claim 15, further comprising steps of:
charging the second parasitic capacitance, the energy storage capacitor, and the magnetizing inductance by a resonant capacitor of the resonant circuit, and
turning off the discharging switch when the current rises to a second current threshold,
wherein the second current threshold is related to a time when the first parasitic capacitance is completely discharged.