# US 12,603,528 B2 · Transmit coil selection responsive to average peak to peak measurement voltage potentials and related apparatuses and method > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,603,528 B2 - Document ID: US12603528B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 18/771,498 - Filed: 2024-07-12 - Published: 2024-10-31 - Granted: 2026-04-14 - Earliest claimed: 2021-05-24 - Assignees: Microchip Technology Incorporated - Applicants: Microchip Technology Incorporated - Inventors: Santosh Bhandarkar; Alex Dumais - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12603528B2 ## CPC - H02J 50/402: {the two or more transmitting or the two or more receiving devices being integrated in the same unit, e.g. power mats with several coils or antennas with several sub-antennas} - H02J 50/60: responsive to the presence of foreign objects, e.g. detection of living beings - H02J 50/05: using capacitive coupling - H02J 50/12: of the resonant type - H02J 50/40: using two or more transmitting or receiving devices (H02J50/50 takes precedence) - H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY ## Abstract Object detection in wireless power systems and related system, methods, and devices are disclosed. A controller for a wireless power transmitter includes a measurement voltage potential input terminal and a processing core. The processing core is to determine an average of peak to peak amplitude differences present in sampled measurement voltage potentials for each of the plurality of transmit coils, determine a lowest average of the peak to peak amplitude differences, and select a transmit coil corresponding to the lowest average of the peak to peak amplitude differences to transmit wireless power to a receive coil of a wireless power receiver. A wireless power system includes a tank circuit selectively including any one of a plurality of transmit coils. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An apparatus, comprising: a measurement voltage potential input terminal to receive a measurement voltage potential responsive to a tank circuit signal at a tank circuit, the tank circuit selectively including a respective one of a plurality of transmit coils; and a processing core to select a transmit coil of the plurality of transmit coils to transmit wireless power to a receive coil of a wireless power receiver responsive to determining whether or not one or more of a receive coil or foreign object is proximate to the plurality of transmit coils responsive to a comparison of one or more predetermined threshold values with a lowest average of peak-to-peak amplitude differences in measurement voltage potentials for the respective plurality of transmit coils. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processing core is to determine that no receive coil and no foreign object are proximate to the plurality of transmit coils responsive to a determination that the lowest average of the peak to peak amplitude differences is not less than a first predetermined threshold value of the one or more predetermined threshold values. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processing core is to determine that one or more of the receive coil or foreign object is proximate to the plurality of transmit coils responsive to a determination that the lowest average of the peak to peak amplitude differences is less than a second predetermined threshold value of the one or more predetermined threshold value. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein transmit coils of the plurality of transmit coils have respective individual first predetermined threshold values. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a first predetermined threshold value associated with a first one of the plurality of transmit coils is different from a first predetermined threshold value associated with a second one of the plurality of transmit coils. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a processing core is to determine the first predetermined threshold value for each of the plurality of transmit coils using a calibration operation. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the processing core is to perform the calibration operation by, for each of the plurality of transmit coils with no receive coil and no foreign objects in proximity to the plurality of transmit coils: sample the measurement voltage potential responsive to discharging of the tank circuit, identify calibration peaks of the measurement voltage potential, determine calibration peak to peak amplitude differences between positive calibration peaks and negative calibration peaks; determine a calibration average of the calibration peak to peak amplitude differences; and determine the first predetermined threshold value responsive to the determined calibration average. ### Claim 8 An apparatus, comprising: a tank circuit comprising a transmit capacitor and selectively comprising a respective one of a plurality of transmit coils connected to the transmit capacitor; and a controller to select one of the plurality of transmit coils to use to transmit wireless power responsive to determining whether or not one or more of a receive coil or foreign object is proximate to the plurality of transmit coils responsive to a comparison of one or more predetermined threshold values with a lowest average of peak-to-peak amplitude differences in measurement voltage potentials for the respective plurality of transmit coils. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The apparatus of claim 8, comprising a power filter to receive a square wave signal and provide a sinusoidal signal to the plurality of transmit coils and the transmit capacitor responsive to the square wave signal. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the power filter comprises a second order inductive and capacitive power filter. ### Claim 11 (depends on 9) The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the power filter comprises a filter capacitor electrically connected from a first filter inductor to a second filter inductor. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the power filter comprises another filter capacitor electrically connected to the second filter inductor and the filter capacitor. ### Claim 13 A method, comprising: receiving a measurement voltage potential responsive to a tank circuit signal at a tank circuit, the tank circuit selectively including a respective one of a plurality of transmit coils; and selecting a transmit coil of the plurality of transmit coils to transmit wireless power to a receive coil of a wireless power receiver responsive to determining whether or not one or more of a receive coil or foreign object is proximate to the plurality of transmit coils responsive to a comparison of one or more predetermined threshold values with a lowest average of peak-to-peak amplitude differences in measurement voltage potentials for the respective plurality of transmit coils. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The method of claim 13, comprising: determining a lowest average of peak to peak amplitude differences corresponding to a plurality of transmit coils; and determining: that nothing is proximate to the plurality of transmit coils responsive to a determination that the lowest average of peak to peak amplitude differences is not less than a first predetermined threshold value, or that a foreign object is proximate to the plurality of transmit coils responsive to a determination that the lowest average of peak to peak amplitude differences is less than the first predetermined threshold value and less than a second predetermined threshold value. ### Claim 15 (depends on 13) The method of claim 13, comprising: setting a coil number equal to a first number, respective transmit coils of the plurality of transmit coils associated with a respective number from a first number to a last number; closing a coil switch associated with the coil number to electrically connect the respective transmit coil associated with the coil number to implement a tank circuit including the transmit coil and a transmit capacitor; applying a sinusoidal or square wave signal to the tank circuit; sampling a measurement voltage potential responsive to a tank circuit signal during discharge of the tank circuit after application of the sinusoidal signal to the tank circuit is complete; incrementing the coil number; and returning to closing the coil switch associated with the coil number responsive to a determination that the coil number is not greater than a number of the plurality of transmit coils. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The method of claim 15, comprising: setting the coil number equal to the first number; identifying peaks in a sampled measurement voltage potential associated with the coil number; determining peak to peak amplitude differences between positive peaks and negative peaks; determining an average of the peak to peak amplitude differences; storing a determined average to one or more data storage devices; incrementing the coil number; and returning to identify the peaks in the sampled measurement voltage potential responsive to a determination that the coil number is not greater than a number of the plurality of transmit coils. ### Claim 17 (depends on 15) The method of claim 15, comprising: setting a coil number equal to a first number, each transmit coil of the plurality of transmit coils associated with a number from a first number to a last number; exciting a transmit coil corresponding to the coil number; sampling a measurement voltage potential responsive to a tank circuit signal during discharge of the tank circuit after excitation of the transmit coil is completed; identifying peaks of the measurement voltage potential; determining peak to peak amplitude differences between positive peaks and negative peaks of the measurement voltage potential; determining an average of the peak to peak amplitude differences; determining the first predetermined threshold value responsive to the determined average of the peak to peak amplitude differences; incrementing the coil number; and returning to excite the transmit coil corresponding to the coil number responsive to a determination that the coil number is not greater than a number of the plurality of transmit coils.