# US 12,603,504 B2 · In relation to dynamic braking systems for bipole power transmission networks > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,603,504 B2 - Document ID: US12603504B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 18/659,298 - Filed: 2024-05-09 - Published: 2024-11-28 - Granted: 2026-04-14 - Earliest claimed: 2023-05-26 - Assignees: GE Vernova Infrastructure Technology LLC - Applicants: GE Infrastructure Technology LLC - Inventors: Amit Kumar; Carl Barker - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12603504B2 ## CPC - H02J 3/36: Arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks via high-voltage DC [HVDC] links; Arrangements for transfer of electric power between generators and networks via HVDC links - H02J 3/001: Arrangements for handling faults or abnormalities, e.g. emergencies or contingencies - H02J 3/00125: {Transmission line or load transient problems, e.g. overvoltage, resonance or self-excitation of inductive loads (H02J3/01 takes precedence)} - H02M 1/32: Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection - H02M 1/325: {with means for allowing continuous operation despite a fault, i.e. fault tolerant converters} - H02M 5/40: with intermediate conversion into DC - H02M 7/4835: {comprising two or more cells, each including a switchable capacitor, the capacitors having a nominal charge voltage which corresponds to a given fraction of the input voltage, and the capacitors being selectively connected in series to determine the instantaneous output voltage} - H02J 2101/28: Wind energy - H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY - H02M: APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF (transformers H01F; dynamo-electric converters H02K47/00; controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, control or regulation of electric motors, generators or dynamo-electric converters H02P) ## Abstract A dynamic braking system for a bipole power transmission network including a first dynamic braking unit and a second dynamic braking unit connectable, respectively, between a first transmission pole and a neutral arrangement, and a second transmission pole and a neutral arrangement, of a bipole power transmission network. The dynamic braking system includes a controller configured to determine, based on an operating state of the bipole power transmission network, whether a third current equal to the difference between first and second currents flowing through the first and second dynamic braking units, can flow through the neutral arrangement. The controller is configured to operate the dynamic braking units independently if the third current is permitted to flow, and in coordination with each-other, to balance the first and second currents such that the third current is substantially zero, if the third current is not permitted to flow through the neutral arrangement. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A dynamic braking system for a bipole power transmission network, the dynamic braking system comprising: a first dynamic braking unit electrically connectable between a first transmission pole and a neutral arrangement of the bipole power transmission network, wherein the first dynamic braking unit is controllable in-use to regulate a first electrical current flowing between the first transmission pole and the neutral arrangement through the first dynamic braking unit; a second dynamic braking unit electrically connectable between a second transmission pole and the neutral arrangement of the bipole power transmission network, wherein the second dynamic braking unit is controllable in-use to regulate a second electrical current flowing between the second transmission pole and the neutral arrangement through the second dynamic braking unit; and a controller arranged in operative communication with the first and second dynamic braking units, the controller being configured to: determine an operating state of the bipole power transmission network; determine, based on the operating state, whether a third electrical current is permitted to flow through the neutral arrangement, the third electrical current being equal to a difference between the first electrical current and the second electrical current; and control the first and second dynamic braking units to: if the third electrical current is determined to be permitted to flow through the neutral arrangement, operate independently of each other; and if the third electrical current is determined not to be permitted to flow through the neutral arrangement, operate in coordination with each other to balance the first current with the second current, such that the third current is substantially zero. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The dynamic braking system according to claim 1, wherein: the controller is configured to control the first and second dynamic braking units in response to an activation trigger received from a monitoring unit of the bipole power transmission network. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The dynamic braking system according to claim 1, wherein: the operating state of the bipole power transmission network comprises: a failure of an electrical component on the neutral arrangement; an open or closed state of a switchgear on the neutral arrangement; a measured electric quantity of the bipole power transmission network; and/or a user input from a user interface of the bipole power transmission network. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The dynamic braking system according to claim 1, wherein: the first and second dynamic braking units are configured to provide respective first and second voltages controllable by the controller, for regulating the first and second currents. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The dynamic braking system according to claim 4, wherein: the first and second dynamic braking units comprise respective first and second pluralities of switching devices and first and second pluralities of associated capacitors, wherein the first and second pluralities of switching devices are controllable in response to respective first and second control signals to switch the first and second pluralities of capacitors in order to provide the first and second voltages. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The dynamic braking system according to claim 5, wherein: the controller is configured to control the first and second dynamic braking units by providing the first and second control signals, wherein the first and second control signals preferably comprise respective first and second reference voltages. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The dynamic braking system according to claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to: determine a first measurement, using a first measurement instrument, wherein the first measurement comprises the first electrical current, the second electrical current and/or the third electrical current; and then adapt the control of the first and second dynamic braking units, based on the first measurement. ### Claim 8 A bipole power transmission network, comprising: a first power conversion means having a first alternating current, AC, side and a first direct current, DC, side, the first AC side for connecting to a first AC network; a second power conversion means having a second AC side and a second DC side, the second AC side for connecting to a second AC network; a first power transmission means; a second power transmission means; and a neutral arrangement; wherein the first and second power transmission means interconnect the first and second DC sides of the first and second power conversion means, thereby allowing the transfer of power between the first and second power conversion means; the first power conversion means, the second power conversion means, and the first power transmission means, together define a first transmission pole; the first power conversion means, the second power conversion means, and the second power transmission means, together define a second transmission pole; and the bipole power transmission network further comprises the dynamic braking system of any preceding claim, wherein the first dynamic braking unit is electrically connected between the first transmission pole and the neutral arrangement, and wherein the second dynamic braking unit is electrically connected between the second transmission pole and the neutral arrangement. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The bipole power transmission network of claim 8, wherein the first AC network is a power generation network. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The bipole power transmission network of claim 9, wherein the power generation network is a renewable power generation network selected from the list of renewable power generation networks comprising: a wind-power generation network; a solar-power generation network; and a bio-power generation network. ### Claim 11 (depends on 8) The bipole power transmission network of claim 8, wherein the neutral arrangement comprises a dedicated metallic return conductor. ### Claim 12 A computer implemented method of operating a dynamic braking system in a bipole power transmission network, the dynamic braking system comprising a first dynamic braking unit electrically connectable between a first transmission pole and a neutral arrangement of a bipole power transmission network, and a second dynamic braking unit electrically connectable between a second transmission pole and the neutral arrangement of the bipole power transmission network, wherein the first and second dynamic braking units are controllable in-use to regulate respective first and second electrical currents flowing through the first and second dynamic braking units between the first and second transmission poles and the neutral arrangement, the method comprising: determining an operating state of the bipole power transmission network; determining, based on the operating state, whether a third electrical current is permitted to flow through the neutral arrangement, the third electrical current being equal to a difference between the first and second electrical currents; and controlling the first and second dynamic braking units to: if the third electrical current is determined to be permitted to flow through the neutral arrangement, operate independently of each other; and if the third electrical current is determined not to be permitted to flow through the neutral arrangement, operate in coordination with each other to balance the first electrical current with the second electrical current, such that the third electrical current is substantially zero. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) A computer program comprising computer-readable instructions which when executed by a controller of a dynamic braking system, cause the controller to perform the method of claim 12. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising the computer program of claim 13. ### Claim 15 (depends on 12) A controller for a dynamic braking system, comprising: a memory; and at least one processor; wherein the memory comprises computer-readable instructions which when executed by the at least one processor cause the controller to perform the method of claim 12.