# US 12,603,442 B2 · Antenna array measurement and calibration > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,603,442 B2 - Document ID: US12603442B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 18/084,117 - Filed: 2022-12-19 - Published: 2024-06-20 - Granted: 2026-04-14 - Earliest claimed: 2022-12-19 - Assignees: Keysight Technologies, Inc. - Applicants: Keysight Technologies, Inc. - Inventors: Joel P. Dunsmore; Tuan Tang - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12603442B2 ## CPC - H01Q 21/24: Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction {(circularly polarised patch antennas H01Q9/0428; circularly polarised horns H01Q13/0241; cross-polarised horns H01Q13/0258; polarisation converters H01Q15/242; cross-polarised rear feeds H01Q19/136; crossed polarisation dual antenna H01Q25/001)} - G01R 29/10: Radiation diagrams of antennas - H01Q 3/267: {Phased-array testing or checking devices} - H01Q 3/28: varying the amplitude - H01Q 3/38: the phase-shifters being digital - H04B 17/12: of transmit antennas, e.g. of the amplitude or phase - H01Q: ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS (radiators or antennas for microwave heating H05B6/72) - G01R: MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES (indicating correct tuning of resonant circuits H03J3/12) - H04B: TRANSMISSION ## Abstract An antenna array controller is configured to measure a magnitude and phase of each of a set of antenna array elements, and compensate for leakage of other elements of the set of array elements. The leakage may be compensated for by one or more mechanisms including phase cancellation by row of antenna array elements, programmatic cancellation via a single offsetting antenna array element of the antenna array elements, and deembedding array leakage by subtracting the array leakage from the measured data. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A system for measuring and calibrating an antenna array comprising a plurality of antenna array elements each configured to individually radiate signals, the system comprising: an antenna array controller comprising a memory that stores instructions and a processor that executes the instructions, wherein, when executed by the processor, the instructions cause the system to: obtain a list of registry values from a vector network analyzer; perform an iterative process including setting the antenna array based on a registry value from the list of registry values, sending a trigger to a vector network analyzer to trigger a measurement of the antenna array for the registry value, and wait for a measurement ready signal from the vector network analyzer indicating that the measurement is complete; and repeat the iterative process until the list of registry values is exhausted. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the system and the vector network analyzer are directly connected by a wired digital connection; and wherein a number of registry values in the list of registry values equals a number of register states. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further cause the processor to perform leakage compensation. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The system of claim 3, wherein, when executed by the processor, the instructions cause the system further to: subtract, from each measurement of the antenna array, values of a measured total leakage, magnitude and phase when all antenna array elements of the antenna array are set to a minimum level. ### Claim 5 (depends on 3) The system of claim 3, wherein, when executed by the processor, the instructions cause the system further to: program an antenna array element of the antenna array to a magnitude corresponding to a leakage level of the antenna array and a phase which cancels the leakage level of the antenna array. ### Claim 6 A method of measuring and calibrating an antenna array system comprising an antenna array with a plurality of antenna array elements each configured to individually radiate signals and an antenna array controller with a memory that stores instructions and a processor that executes the instructions, the method comprising: obtaining a list of registry values from a vector network analyzer; performing an iterative process including setting the antenna array based on a registry value from the list of registry values, sending a trigger to a vector network analyzer to trigger a measurement of the antenna array for the registry value, and wait for a measurement ready signal from the vector network analyzer indicating that the measurement is complete; and repeating the iterative process until the list of registry values is exhausted. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The method of claim 6, wherein the antenna array system and the vector network analyzer are directly connected by a wired digital connection; and wherein a number of registry values in the list of registry values equals a number of register states. ### Claim 8 (depends on 6) The method of claim 6, further comprising: programming a number of antenna array elements to a phase and an equal number of antenna array elements to a 180 degree phase shift from the phase. ### Claim 9 (depends on 6) The method of claim 6, further comprising: subtracting, from each measurement of the antenna array, values of a measured total leakage, magnitude and phase when all antenna array elements of the antenna array are set to a minimum level. ### Claim 10 (depends on 6) The method of claim 6, further comprising: programming an antenna array element of the antenna array to a magnitude corresponding to a leakage level of the antenna array and a phase which cancels the leakage level of the antenna array. ### Claim 11 A vector network analyzer, comprising: comprising a memory that stores instructions and a processor that executes the instructions, wherein, when executed by the processor, the instructions cause the vector network analyzer to: send a list of registry values to an antenna array system comprising an antenna array; perform an iterative process including setting the antenna array based on a registry value from the list of registry values, sending a trigger to a vector network analyzer to trigger a measurement of the antenna array for the registry value, and wait for a measurement ready signal from the vector network analyzer indicating that the measurement is complete; and repeat the iterative process until the list of registry values is exhausted. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The vector network analyzer of claim 11, wherein the vector network analyzer and the antenna array system are directly connected by a wired digital connection; and wherein a number of registry values in the list of registry values equals a number of register states. ### Claim 13 (depends on 11) The vector network analyzer of claim 11, wherein each row of antenna array elements in the antenna array is programmed with the same phase to offset an array driver chip placed between adjacent rows of antenna array elements. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The vector network analyzer of claim 13, wherein values of a measured total leakage, magnitude and phase are subtracted from each measurement of the antenna array when all antenna array elements of the antenna array are set to a minimum level. ### Claim 15 (depends on 13) The vector network analyzer of claim 13, wherein an antenna array element of the antenna array is programmed to a magnitude corresponding to a leakage level of the antenna array and a phase which cancels the leakage level of the antenna array. ### Claim 16 A method of operating a vector network analyzer with a memory that stores instructions and a processor that executes the instructions, the method comprising: sending a list of registry values to an antenna array system; performing an iterative process including receiving a digital trigger from the antenna array system to trigger a measurement of the antenna array for a registry value from the list of registry values, measuring an antenna array element corresponding to the digital trigger, and sending to the antenna array system a measurement ready signal indicating that the measurement is complete; and repeating the iterative process until the list of registry values is exhausted. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16, wherein the vector network analyzer and the antenna array system are directly connected by a wired digital connection; and wherein a number of registry values in the list of registry values equals a number of register states. ### Claim 18 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16, wherein each row of antenna array elements in the antenna array is programmed with the same phase to offset an array driver chip placed between adjacent rows of antenna array elements. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The method of claim 18, wherein values of a measured total leakage, magnitude and phase are subtracted from each measurement of the antenna array when all antenna array elements of the antenna array are set to a minimum level. ### Claim 20 (depends on 18) The method of claim 18, wherein an antenna array element of the antenna array is programmed to a magnitude corresponding to a leakage level of the antenna array and a phase which cancels the leakage level of the antenna array.