# US 12,603,441 B2 · Metasurface beam steering antenna and method of setting antenna beam angle

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- Number: US 12,603,441 B2
- Document ID: US12603441B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 18/112,724
- Filed: 2023-02-22
- Published: 2023-09-14
- Granted: 2026-04-14
- Earliest claimed: 2022-03-14
- Assignees: Tata Consultancy Services Limited
- Applicants: Tata Consultancy Services Limited
- Inventors: Tapas Chakravarty; Aman Kumar; Arpan Pal
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12603441B2

## CPC

- H01Q 15/0066: {said selective devices being reconfigurable, tunable or controllable, e.g. using switches}
- H01Q 21/065: {Patch antenna array}
- H01Q 3/38: the phase-shifters being digital
- H01Q 3/46: Active lenses or reflecting arrays
- H01Q 15/002: {said selective devices being reconfigurable or tunable, e.g. using switches or diodes}
- H01Q: ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS (radiators or antennas for microwave heating H05B6/72)

## Abstract

This disclosure relates generally to metasurface beam steering antenna and method of setting antenna beam angle. Conventional approaches perform electronically beam steering using phase array which requires bandwidth with higher data rates. The present disclosure enables metasurface antennas tilt antenna beam in a given direction, where the varactor diodes are operated in reverse bias so that different values of capacitors combination lead to electronic beam scanning. The processor of the metasurface beam steering antenna receives a command having an input angle to tilt the angle beam position. The processor processes the command by mapping the input angle with the set of c-shaped copper patch combination having the capacitor values using a predefined lookup table for setting the antenna beam angle based on a reference voltage generated by the varactor diode. The lookup table is iteratively updated with the capacitor values of the c-shaped copper patches.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A system for setting antenna beam angle of a metasurface beam steering antenna, comprising: a metasurface beam steering antenna, positioned horizontally in an XY plane further comprising a set of c-shaped copper patches with predefined dimensions to transmit and receive RF waves, and a varactor diode positioned between each pair of c-shaped copper patches acting as equivalent capacitors for an input reverse bias voltage, wherein the metasurface beam steering antenna comprises a repeating pattern of a plurality of unit cells, each unit cell of the plurality of unit cells are controlled independently to manipulate the transmitted and the received RF waves, wherein the metasurface beam steering antenna comprises two layers, wherein the top layer is an excitor and the bottom layer is a reflector; One or more processors are configured to: receive a command from a user interface, the command having an input angle value to tilt a position of the metasurface beam steering antenna; and map, the input angle with a combination of c-shaped copper patches each comprising capacitor values, using a predefined lookup table for setting the antenna beam angle based on a reference voltage generated by the varactor diode, wherein to map the input angle with the combination of c-shaped copper patches, the one or more processors are configured to: select the capacitor values set to the c-shaped copper patch combination which has highest peak gain among the available c-shaped copper combinations to map the input angle based on a reverse bias voltage level of the varactor diode, wherein the c-shaped copper patches are separated from ground by a dielectric substrate, wherein each c-shaped copper patch combination may offer different capacitor values at the same frequency, wherein the different capacitor values are selected in adjacent unit cells of the metasurface beam steering antenna, wherein each unit cell size and spacing sub-wavelength being less than λ/2, wherein the predefined lookup table is iteratively updated with the selected capacitor values of the c-shaped copper patches combination, wherein the capacitor values set to the c-shaped copper patch combination are mapped with the input angle associated with the lookup table.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to tilt the position of the metasurface beam steering antenna using the command received from the user interface.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to perform antenna beam scanning with fine granularity.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the metasurface beam steering antenna enables the antenna beam scanning at fine granularity with 1° degree spacing, wherein the antenna beam precisely tilts antenna position at a given angle using the predefined lookup table.

### Claim 5

A processor implemented method for setting antenna beam angle of metasurface beam steering antenna, the processor implemented method further comprising the steps of: receiving by a processor a command from a user interface, the command having an input angle value to tilt a position of a metasurface beam steering antenna, wherein the metasurface beam steering antenna is positioned horizontally in an XY plane further comprising a set of c-shaped copper patches with predefined dimensions to transmit and receive RF waves, and a varactor diode positioned between each pair of c-shaped copper patches acting as equivalent capacitors for an input reverse bias voltage, wherein the metasurface beam steering antenna comprises a repeating pattern of a plurality of unit cells, each unit cell of the plurality of unit cells are controlled independently to manipulate the transmitted and the received RF waves, wherein the metasurface beam steering antenna comprises two layers, wherein the top layer is an excitor and the bottom layer is a reflector; and mapping by using a processor, the input angle with a combination of c-shaped copper patches each comprising capacitor values, using a predefined lookup table for setting the antenna beam angle based on a reference voltage generated by the varactor diode, wherein to map the input angle with the combination of c-shaped copper patches, the one or more processors are configured to: select the capacitor values set to the c-shaped copper patch combination which has highest peak gain among the available c-shaped copper patch combinations to map the input angle based on a reverse bias voltage level of the varactor diode, wherein the c-shaped copper patches are separated from ground by a dielectric substrate, wherein each c-shaped copper patch combination may offer different capacitor values at the same frequency, wherein the different capacitor values are selected in adjacent unit cells of the metasurface beam steering antenna, wherein each unit cell size and spacing sub-wavelength being less than λ/2, wherein the predefined lookup table is iteratively updated with the selected capacitor values of the c-shaped copper patches combination, wherein the capacitor values set to the c-shaped copper patch combination are mapped with the input angle associated with the lookup table.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The processor implemented method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the processor is configured to tilt the position of the metasurface beam steering antenna using the command received from the user interface.

### Claim 7 (depends on 5)

The processor implemented method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the processor is configured to perform antenna beam scanning with fine granularity.

### Claim 8

One or more non-transitory machine-readable information storage mediums comprising one or more instructions which when executed by one or more hardware processors cause: receiving a command from a user interface, the command having an input angle value to tilt a position of a metasurface beam steering antenna, wherein the metasurface beam steering antenna is positioned horizontally in an XY plane further comprising a set of c-shaped copper patches with predefined dimensions to transmit and receive RF waves, and a varactor diode positioned between each pair of c-shaped copper patches acting as equivalent capacitors for an input reverse bias voltage, wherein the metasurface beam steering antenna comprises a repeating pattern of a plurality of unit cells, each unit cell of the plurality of unit cells are controlled independently to manipulate the transmitted and the received RF waves, wherein the metasurface beam steering antenna comprises two layers, wherein the top layer is an excitor and the bottom layer is a reflector; and mapping by using a processor, the input angle with a combination of c-shaped copper patches each comprising capacitor values, using a predefined lookup table for setting the antenna beam angle based on a reference voltage generated by the varactor diode, wherein to map the input angle with the combination of c-shaped copper patches, the one or more processors are configured to: select the capacitor values set to the c-shaped copper patch combination which has highest peak gain among the available c-shaped copper patch combinations to map the input angle based on a reverse bias voltage level of the varactor diode, wherein the c-shaped copper patches are separated from ground by a dielectric substrate, wherein each c-shaped copper patch combination may offer different capacitor values at the same frequency, wherein the different capacitor values are selected in adjacent unit cells of the metasurface beam steering antenna, wherein each unit cell size and spacing sub-wavelength being less than λ/2, wherein the predefined lookup table is iteratively updated with the selected capacitor values of the c-shaped copper patches combination, wherein the capacitor values set to the c-shaped copper patch combination are mapped with the input angle associated with the lookup table.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The one or more non-transitory machine-readable information storage mediums of claim 8, wherein the processor is configured to tilt the position of the metasurface beam steering antenna using the command received from the user interface.

### Claim 10 (depends on 8)

The one or more non-transitory machine-readable information storage mediums of claim 8, wherein the processor is configured to perform antenna beam scanning with fine granularity.