Antenna element and antenna array comprising such antenna elements

An antenna element comprising:

• a conductive structure comprising:
• a bottom element extending in a bottom plane, and
• at least one wall element at least partially enclosing an aperture, the at least one wall element comprising a plurality of wall vias extending from a peripheral area of the bottom element in a direction perpendicular to the bottom plane;
• a patch antenna extending in a main plane and being superposed over a center area of the bottom element, the patch antenna comprising a center patch and a peripheral patch, the center patch extending in the main plane and the peripheral patch extending in a peripheral plane parallel to the main plane;
• a first feed line and a second feed line, the first feed line and the second feed line extending in the direction perpendicular to the bottom plane from the bottom element across the aperture and being coupled to the patch antenna;
• and
• at least one intermediate element comprising one or more intermediate vias extending from an intermediate area of the bottom element in the direction perpendicular to the bottom plane,
• wherein the main plane is parallel to the bottom plane,
• wherein the intermediate area of the bottom element extends between the peripheral area of the bottom element and the center area of the bottom element,
• wherein the at least one wall element comprises at least one dielectric gap,
• wherein the patch antenna and the conductive structure are configured to provide multiple resonance frequencies F1, F2, F3, and F4,
• wherein F1>F2>F3>F4,
• wherein the resonance frequency F1 is a first resonance frequency determined by at least a height and/or a thickness of the at least one wall element,
• wherein the resonance frequence F2 is a second resonance frequency determined by a size of the center patch,
• wherein the at least one intermediate element is configured to expand the bandwidth of the first resonance frequency and/or the second resonance frequency,
• wherein the resonance frequency F3 is a third resonance frequency determined by a size of the peripheral patch, and
• wherein the resonance frequency F4 is a fourth resonance frequency determined by at least the footprint of the aperture and/or the at least one dielectric gap.