# US 12,603,420 B2 · Full-duplex communication methods and apparatus > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,603,420 B2 - Document ID: US12603420B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 17/443,744 - Filed: 2021-07-27 - Published: 2022-02-03 - Granted: 2026-04-14 - Earliest claimed: 2019-02-02 - Assignees: Zte Corporation - Applicants: ZTE Corporation - Inventors: Zhifeng Yuan; Weimin Li; Yuzhou Hu; Guanghui Yu; Yihua Ma - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12603420B2 ## CPC - H01Q 1/325: {characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle} - H01Q 1/521: {reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas} - H01Q 21/28: Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems {(multiple beam H01Q25/00)} - H04B 7/06: at the transmitting station - H04B 7/08: at the receiving station - H04L 5/0048: {Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver (allocation of control signalling H04L5/0053; use of control signalling H04L5/0091)} - H04W 4/46: for vehicle-to-vehicle communication [V2V] - H04L 5/14: Two-way operation using the same type of signal, i.e. duplex - H01Q: ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS (radiators or antennas for microwave heating H05B6/72) - H04B: TRANSMISSION - H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M) - H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72) ## Abstract Techniques are described for a full duplex communication method and apparatus for inter-vehicle communication (V2V). A communication apparatus includes one or more transmit antennas, one or more receive antennas, and a processor. For cases where a single transmit antenna and multiple receive antennas are used, a distance between the transmit and receive antennas is greater than a pre-determined value. Further, the transmit antenna is located on or in a central region of a top surface of the vehicle and the receive antennas are evenly distributed located on the vehicle. The processor configured to generate one or more messages to be transmitted via the transmit antenna, where the one or more messages includes vehicle condition information, operational information about a driver of the vehicle, or information associated with one or more sensors of the vehicle. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A communication apparatus in a vehicle, comprising: at least one transmitter antenna configured to transmit signals without performing receiving functions for a full-duplex communication; and at least one receiver antenna configured to receive signals without performing transmitting functions for the full-duplex communication, wherein any pair of transmitter antenna and receiver antenna among the at least one transmitter antenna and at least one receiver antenna are disposed on the vehicle such that they are placed as far apart as possible from one another along their connecting line with a distance being greater than a pre-determined value representing a width or length of the vehicle; and at least one processor configured to: generate one or more messages to be transmitted via the at least one transmitter antenna, wherein the one or more messages include vehicle condition information, operational information about a driver of the vehicle, or information associated with one or more sensors of the vehicle; generate a scrambling sequence based on at least certain coded bits from a payload part of the one or more message, the certain coded bits including at least a plate information of the vehicle; and scramble a part of the one or more messages with the scrambling sequence to achieve a partial scrambling, wherein transmit power of a message of the one or more messages are boosted to a pre-determined value if the message of the one or more messages includes a pre-determined emergency signal indicating emergency breaking, emergency acceleration, or emergency lane changing of the vehicle. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The communication apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the at least one transmitter antenna and the at least one receiver antenna are respectively located on two end points of a diagonal line that extends from one end of the vehicle to another end of the vehicle; or the at least one transmitter antenna and the at least one receiver antenna are respectively located on or in a first side and a second side of the vehicle, the first side being opposite to the second side. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The communication apparatus of claim 2, wherein the at least one transmitter antenna and the at least one receiver antenna are located on or in a middle region of the first side and the second side, respectively. ### Claim 4 (depends on 2) The communication apparatus of claim 2, wherein the at least one transmitter antenna and the at least one receiver antenna are located respectively in a first region and a second region of the vehicle, and wherein the first region is located above the second region. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The communication apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the communication apparatus comprises a plurality of receiver antennas, wherein the distance between the at least one transmitter antenna and each receiver antenna is greater than the pre-determined value. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The communication apparatus of claim 5, wherein a first receiver antenna and a second receiver antenna are respectively located on two end points of a diagonal line that extends from one end of the vehicle to another end of the vehicle, wherein the first receiver antenna and the second receiver antenna are located respectively in a first region and a second region of the vehicle, and wherein the first region is located above the second region. ### Claim 7 (depends on 5) The communication apparatus of claim 5, wherein a first receiver antenna is located on or in a middle region of a first side of the vehicle, wherein a second receiver antenna is located on or in a middle region of a second side of the vehicle, wherein the first side is opposite to the second side, and wherein the first receiver antenna and the second receiver antenna are located respectively in a first region and a second region of the vehicle, and wherein the first region is located above the second region. ### Claim 8 (depends on 5) The communication apparatus of claim 5, wherein four, six, or eight receiver antennas are evenly distributed around the vehicle. ### Claim 9 (depends on 5) The communication apparatus of claim 5, wherein the at least one transmitter antenna is located on or in a central region of a top surface of the vehicle. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The communication apparatus of claim 1, comprising: two transmitter antennas and a plurality of receiver antennas, wherein the distance between each transmitter antenna and each receiver antenna is greater than the pre-determined value, wherein the two transmitter antennas are located on or in central region of a top surface of the vehicle. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The communication apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: one or more wireless radio frequency attenuators located proximate to the at least one receiver antenna, wherein a wireless radio frequency attenuator is located between one receiver antenna and one transmitter antenna, and wherein the wireless radio frequency attenuator is structured to attenuate wireless signals transmitted by the at least one transmitter antenna. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The communication apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to modulate the one or more messages by using binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation, π/2-BPSK modulation, quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation, differential binary phase shift keying (DBPSK) modulation, differential π/2-BPSK (π/2-DBPSK) modulation, or differential quadrature phase shift keying (DQPSK) modulation to generate digital modulation symbols, and to include the digital modulation symbols in the one or more messages. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The communication apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to generate one or more spreading codes to spread symbols of the one or more messages, wherein the one or more spreading codes are generated according to information of spreading code included in information bits in the one or more messages to be transmitted, or wherein the at least one processor is further configured to select one or more spreading codes to spread symbols of the one or more messages, wherein the one or more spreading codes are selected from a spreading code set according to information of spreading code included in information bits in the messages to be transmitted. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The communication apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to generate a pilot signal according to pilot signal information included in the one or more messages to be transmitted, or wherein the at least one processor is configured to select a pilot signal to spread symbols of the one or more messages, wherein the pilot signal is selected from a pilot signal set according to the information of the pilot signal included in a messages to be transmitted, and wherein the pilot signal is transmitted with the message. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) The communication apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the vehicle condition information includes a vehicle identification, a license plate number, a current location of the vehicle, a speed of the vehicle, a size of the vehicle, or a color of the vehicle; the operational information about the driver of the vehicle includes information associated with an ongoing operation performed by the driver or information associated with an operation that is to be performed by the driver; the ongoing operation includes braking the vehicle, starting the vehicle, accelerating the vehicle, changing a road lane of the vehicle, or steering the vehicle; and the operation that is to be performed includes preparing for braking the vehicle, preparing to start the vehicle, preparing to accelerate the vehicle, preparing to change a road lane of the vehicle, preparing to steer the vehicle. ### Claim 16 (depends on 1) The communication apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the one or more messages are transmitted via the at least one transmitter antenna on a plurality of transmission channels; the plurality of transmission channels is selected from a set of transmission channels according to information of the plurality of transmission channels included in the messages to be transmitted; and the one or more messages include a channel index information of the plurality of transmission channels used to transmit the one or more messages. ### Claim 17 (depends on 1) The communication apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more messages are transmitted via at least one transmitter antenna on a plurality of transmission channels; wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: generate one or more spreading codes to spread symbols of the one or more messages according to information of spreading codes included in the one or more messages to be transmitted, or to select one or more spreading codes from a spreading code set to spread symbols of the one or more messages according to the information of spreading codes included in the messages to be transmitted; and wherein each of the one or more messages transmitted using the plurality of transmission channels includes seed values of the spreading codes or initial states of the spreading codes or indexes of the spreading codes associated with the spreading code set. ### Claim 18 (depends on 1) The communication apparatus of claim 1, the one or more messages are transmitted via at least one transmitter antenna on a plurality of wireless channels; wherein each of the one or more messages transmitted using the plurality of wireless channels includes a pilot signal, wherein each pilot signal is generated according to pilot signal information included in the messages to be transmitted, or wherein each pilot signal is selected from a set of pilot signals according to information of the pilot signal included in the messages to be transmitted; wherein each of the one or more messages includes at least one of a seed value of the pilot signal, an initial state of the pilot signal, or an index of the pilot signal. ### Claim 19 (depends on 1) A method of wireless communication, comprising: performing full-duplex communication using the communication apparatus of claim 1.