# US 12,603,371 B1 · Pack-level and space-level liquid nitrogen fire suppression linkage system and method for energy storage power station

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- Number: US 12,603,371 B1
- Document ID: US12603371B1
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B1
- Application number: 19/313,110
- Filed: 2025-08-28
- Published: 2026-04-16
- Granted: 2026-04-14
- Earliest claimed: 2024-10-15
- Assignees: Shenzhen Research Institute of China Unlversity of Mining and Technology; Fanshi High End Equipment Manufacturing Jiangsu Co., Ltd.
- Applicants: Shenzhen Research Institute of China University of Mining and Technology; Fanshi High End Equipment Manufacturing Jiangsu Co., Ltd.
- Inventors: Guowei Zhang; Gangqiang Zhao; Xiangfei Liu; Ziming Zhao; Tiezhu Zhao; Zhiwei Zhang; Yu Wang
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12603371B1

## CPC

- H01M 50/24: adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion (thermal insulation H01M10/658)
- A62C 3/16: in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
- A62C 35/13: with a finite supply of extinguishing material
- A62C 99/0018: {using gases or vapours that do not support combustion, e.g. steam, carbon dioxide}
- H01M 10/482: {for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially}
- H01M 10/486: {for measuring temperature}
- H01M 10/488: {Cells or batteries combined with indicating means for external visualization of the condition, e.g. by change of colour or of light density}
- H01M 50/251: specially adapted for stationary devices, e.g. power plant buffering or backup power supplies
- H01M 50/673: Containers for storing liquids; Delivery conduits therefor
- H01M 2220/10: Batteries in stationary systems, e.g. emergency power source in plant
- Y02E 60/10: Energy storage using batteries
- H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- A62C: FIRE-FIGHTING (fire-extinguishing compositions, use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires A62D1/00; spraying, applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces in general B05; alarm arrangements G08B, e.g. fire alarms actuated by smoke or gases G08B17/10)
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION

## Abstract

Provided are a pack-level and space-level liquid nitrogen fire suppression linkage system and method for an energy storage power station. The system includes an energy storage cabin. Inside the energy storage cabin, energy storage rooms in which battery clusters are stored are independent fire protection subareas. A fan, a plurality of combined detectors, and a control valve are provided in each fire protection subarea, and an audible and visual alarm, a fire alarm bell, and an emergency start-stop switch are provided on an outer wall of each fire protection subarea. Two circular holes are formed on an upper side of a panel of a pack of each battery cluster, with one circular hole for mounting a fire detector and the other circular hole for laying a pack-level liquid nitrogen fire suppression branch pipe.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A pack-level and space-level liquid nitrogen fire suppression linkage system for an energy storage power station, comprising an energy storage cabin,
wherein inside the energy storage cabin, energy storage rooms in which battery clusters are stored are provided, each energy storage room forms an independent fire protection subarea; a fan, a plurality of combined detectors, and a control valve are provided in each fire protection subarea, and an audible and visual alarm and an emergency start-stop switch are provided on an outside surface of each energy storage room;
two circular holes are formed on an upper side of a panel of each pack in each battery cluster, with one circular hole for mounting a fire detector and another circular hole for laying a pack-level liquid nitrogen fire suppression branch pipe; an automatic quick opening valve is provided at a middle part of each pack-level liquid nitrogen fire suppression branch pipe, and a fire extinguishing nozzle is provided at a tail end of each pack-level liquid nitrogen fire suppression branch pipe;
two fire suppression cylinder rooms are provided on two opposite sides within the energy storage cabin respectively, and a liquid nitrogen explosion and fire suppression device is provided in each fire suppression cylinder room; a nitrogen cylinder and a liquid nitrogen tank are provided in the liquid nitrogen explosion and fire suppression device; a gas inlet, a liquid outlet, and a liquid replenishing port are provided at a top of the liquid nitrogen tank; an end of a gas outlet pipe is connected to a top of the nitrogen cylinder, and another end of the gas outlet pipe is connected to an end of a pressure relief valve; another end of the pressure relief valve is connected to an end of a first solenoid valve, and another end of the first solenoid valve is connected to the gas inlet at the top of the liquid nitrogen tank; the liquid outlet at the top of the liquid nitrogen tank is connected to an end of a liquid nitrogen fire suppression main pipe of a corresponding fire protection subarea; the liquid nitrogen fire suppression main pipe comes out of a top of the liquid nitrogen explosion and fire suppression device and has another end connected to an end of a second solenoid valve, and another end of the second solenoid valve is connected to a first end of a diversion valve; a second end of the diversion valve is connected to a space-level liquid nitrogen fire suppression pipe and a third end of the diversion valve is connected to a pack-level liquid nitrogen fire suppression main pipe, and a plurality of fire extinguishing nozzles are provided on the space-level liquid nitrogen fire suppression pipe;
a space-level liquid nitrogen fire suppression pipe and a pack-level liquid nitrogen fire suppression main pipe of a fire protection subarea of the fire protection subareas are connected with a space-level liquid nitrogen fire suppression pipe and a pack-level liquid nitrogen fire suppression main pipe of an adjacent fire protection subarea of the fire protection subareas respectively, via respective third solenoid valves being provided at connections;
the combined detectors, fire detector, and liquid nitrogen explosion and fire suppression devices are connected to a fire alarm host; and the combined detectors and the fire detector have a graded warning mechanism.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

A fire suppression method using the pack-level and space-level liquid nitrogen fire suppression linkage system for the energy storage power station according to claim 1, comprising following steps:
step 1, carrying out space-level or pack-level fire suppression and protection according to warning signals from detections within a lithium battery energy storage power station;
step 2, triggering a control unit, and activating audible and visual alarms, fans, or the liquid nitrogen explosion and fire suppression devices by the fire alarm host, wherein the liquid nitrogen explosion and fire suppression devices are also manually controllable by the emergency start-stop switches;
step 3, performing linked control on the second solenoid valve and the diversion valve on the liquid nitrogen fire suppression main pipe and the automatic quick opening valve on each pack-level liquid nitrogen fire suppression branch pipe within the corresponding fire protection subarea to deliver liquid nitrogen to a corresponding space-level fire suppression pipe or pack-level fire suppression pipe;
step 4, turning on the fire extinguishing nozzles to spray liquid nitrogen for extinguishing fire; and
step 5, when the liquid nitrogen explosion and fire suppression device in the corresponding fire protection subarea undergoes a pressure drop or fails, initiating linked activation of the another liquid nitrogen explosion and fire suppression device and opening a third solenoid valve at a connection of a corresponding space-level fire suppression pipe or pack-level fire suppression pipe for continuing to spray liquid nitrogen for fire suppression.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The fire suppression method according to claim 2, wherein a space-level fire suppression logic in step 1 is as follows:
(1) when a control host detects a first-level warning signal from a detector, which indicates an abnormal battery temperature or generation of part of combustible gas, the control host initiates linked activation of an audible and visual alarm and a fan in a fire protection subarea and outputs an alarm signal to an external system, and the pack-level and space-level liquid nitrogen fire suppression linkage system is in a warning state;
(2) when the control host detects a second-level warning signal, the control host is in a delayed activation state; after a delay time expires, linked activation of the audible and visual alarm is initiated, the fan is turned off, and the second subarea solenoid valve and a first liquid nitrogen explosion and fire suppression device corresponding to an energy storage room are activated for space fire suppression, wherein the delay time is set by a controller; and
(3) when the control host detects that one detector is in a third-level alarm state and that at least two detectors are in a first-level or above alarm state, the pack-level and space-level liquid nitrogen fire suppression linkage system determines that a battery catches fire, and the control host then initiates linked activation of the audible and visual alarm, turns off the fan, and activates the second solenoid valve and the first liquid nitrogen explosion and fire suppression device corresponding to the energy storage room; meanwhile, a second liquid nitrogen explosion and fire suppression device on another side is switched to a ready working state, and when a liquid nitrogen pressure in the first liquid nitrogen explosion and fire suppression device drops to a certain value, the control host initiates linked activation of the second solenoid valve and the second liquid nitrogen explosion and fire suppression device on the other side of the energy storage room to continue spraying liquid nitrogen for protecting the energy storage room.

### Claim 4 (depends on 2)

The fire suppression method according to claim 2, wherein a pack-level fire suppression logic in step 1 is as follows:
(1) when a pack-level detector is in a first-level warning state, the control host initiates linked activation of an audible and visual alarm system and the fan, while activating no liquid nitrogen explosion and fire suppression device for fire suppression;
(2) when the pack-level detector is in a second-level warning state, the control host initiates linked activation of the audible and visual alarm system, turns off the fan, and activates the liquid nitrogen explosion and fire suppression device for pulsed spraying; and
(3) when the pack-level detector is in a third-level warning state, the control host initiates linked activation of the audible and visual alarm system, turns off the fan, and activates the liquid nitrogen explosion and fire suppression device for continuous spraying.