# US 12,603,324 B2 · Localized high salt concentration electrolyte

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- Number: US 12,603,324 B2
- Document ID: US12603324B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 19/134,130
- Filed: 2023-12-21
- Published: 2026-01-08
- Granted: 2026-04-14
- Earliest claimed: 2022-12-28
- Assignees: Wildcat Discovery Technologies, Inc.
- Applicants: Wildcat Discovery Technologies, Inc.
- Inventors: Jinhua Huang; Yunguang Zhu; Bin Li; Gang Cheng; Tanghong Yi; Han Wang
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12603324B2

## CPC

- H01M 10/0567: characterised by the additives
- H01M 4/5825: {Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines}
- H01M 10/052: Li-accumulators
- H01M 10/0525: Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
- H01M 10/0568: characterised by the solutes
- H01M 10/0569: characterised by the solvents
- H01M 2300/0025: Organic electrolyte
- H01M 2300/0028: characterised by the solvent
- H01M 2300/0034: Fluorinated solvents
- H01M 2300/0037: Mixture of solvents
- Y02E 60/10: Energy storage using batteries
- H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION

## Abstract

A battery includes a cathode comprising a disordered rocksalt structure and an electrolyte. The electrolyte includes a solvating solvent and a lithium salt that is soluble in the solvating solvent. The electrolyte includes a diluent that is miscible with the solvating solvent. The lithium salt is at least 5 times more soluble in the solvating solvent than in the diluent, and the solvating solvent and diluent are present in the battery at a diluent ratio/solvating solvent ratio of 0.1 to less than 3.0.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A battery, comprising:
a cathode comprising a disordered rocksalt structure; and
an electrolyte, comprising:
a solvating solvent;
a lithium salt soluble in the solvating solvent; and
a diluent, wherein the diluent and solvating solvent are immiscible at a molar ratio of diluent/solvating solvent of 2 to 10,
the lithium salt being at least 5 times more soluble in the solvating solvent than in the diluent, and the solvating solvent and the diluent being present in the battery at a diluent/solvating solvent molar ratio of 0.1 to less than 3.0.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The battery of claim 1, wherein the diluent has a miscibility point in the solvating solvent and the lithium salt has a saturation point in the solvating solvent such that the saturation point of the lithium salt in the solvating solvent is at least 5 times greater than the miscibility point of the diluent in the solvating solvent.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The battery of claim 1, wherein the diluent and the solvating solvent are immiscible at a molar ratio of diluent/solvating solvent of 2 to 5.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The battery of claim 1, wherein the diluent and the solvating solvent are present in a molar ratio of 1.0 to 3.0.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The battery of claim 1, wherein the lithium salt and combination of the solvating solvent and the diluent are present in a molar ratio 1:2 or more.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The battery of claim 1, wherein the lithium salt is present at a concentration of about 0.5 M or more, at a saturation point within the solvating solvent or within the solvating solvent and diluent.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The battery of claim 1, wherein the solvating solvent comprises one or more of dialkoxy alkanes, dialkyl glycol ethers, disubstituted esters, disubstituted carbonates, trisubstituted phosphates, disubstituted sulfones, and tetrasubstituted silanes.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The battery of claim 7, wherein the solvating solvent comprises the disubstituted carbonates.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The battery of claim 1, further comprising an anode that comprises one or more of graphite, lithium, lithium alloy, silicon, and a silicon alloy.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The battery of claim 1, wherein the battery has a capacity retention of 80 percent at 100 cycles or more.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The battery of claim 1, wherein the diluent is present in an amount in the electrolyte that is below but within 50% of the molar ratio where the diluent is immiscible in the solvating solvent.

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

The battery of claim 11, wherein the amount of diluent present in the electrolyte is within 20% of the molar ratio where the diluent is immiscible in the solvating solvent.

### Claim 13 (depends on 11)

The battery of claim 11, wherein the lithium salt is less than 10 times more soluble in the solvating solvent than in the diluent.

### Claim 14 (depends on 1)

The battery of claim 1, wherein the diluent comprises a fluorinated ether.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

The battery of claim 14, wherein the fluorinated ether comprises one or more of 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether; bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) ether, hexafluoroisopropyl methyl ether; 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ethyl ether; 1H,1H,5H-octafluoropentyl 1,1,2,2,-tetrafluoroethyl ether; 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether, 1,2-(1,1,2,2,-tetrafluoroethoxy) ethane; 1,3-(1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethoxy) propane (TFEP), 1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro propyl 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ether; n-butyl 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether; 1H,1H,2′H,3H-decafluoro dipropyl ether; 1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropyl ethyl ether; 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-[1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) ethoxy] ethane; 1H,1H,2′H-perfluorodipropyl ether, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl isobutyl ether; 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,5-decafluro-2-methoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl) pentane; 1-(ethoxy) nonafluorobutane having a mixture of n- and iso-butyl isomers; 2-(trifluormethyl)-3-ethoxydodecafluorohexane; 3-methoxyperfluoro (2-methylpentane); heptafluoropropyl 1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether; 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ether; methoxynonafluorobutane; ethoxynonafluorobutane; tris (2,2,2-trifluroethyl) orthoformate; and di (2,2,2-trifluroethyl) carbonate.

### Claim 16 (depends on 1)

The battery of claim 1, further comprising a separator that comprises nonwoven fibers, microporous films, ceramics, or any combination thereof.

### Claim 17

An electrolyte comprised of a solvating solvent, diluent, and a lithium salt comprised of a first lithium salt and a second lithium salt, the electrolyte being a solution having a saturation point, the solvating solvent having a saturation point, and the lithium salt being at least 5 times more soluble in the solvating solvent than in the diluent, wherein the first and second lithium salts are present in an amount below the saturation point of the electrolyte and above the saturation point of the solvating solvent.

### Claim 18 (depends on 17)

The electrolyte of claim 17, wherein the first lithium salt and the second lithium salt each have a different saturation point in the electrolyte and the solvating solvent.