# US 12,603,323 B1 · Electrolyte additive and use thereof in secondary lithium batteries

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- Number: US 12,603,323 B1
- Document ID: US12603323B1
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B1
- Application number: 17/827,427
- Filed: 2022-05-27
- Granted: 2026-04-14
- Earliest claimed: 2021-05-28
- Assignees: Automat Solutions, Inc.
- Applicants: Automat Solutions, Inc.
- Inventors: Xuejun Wang; Xiaoliang Wang; Ipshita Sahoo
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12603323B1

## CPC

- H01M 10/0567: characterised by the additives
- H01M 4/382: {Lithium (H01M4/405 takes precedence)}
- H01M 4/505: of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
- H01M 4/525: of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
- H01M 10/052: Li-accumulators
- H01M 10/0525: Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
- H01M 10/0568: characterised by the solutes
- H01M 10/0569: characterised by the solvents
- H01M 2004/021: {Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area}
- H01M 2004/027: {Negative electrodes}
- H01M 2004/028: {Positive electrodes}
- H01M 2300/0025: Organic electrolyte
- Y02E 60/10: Energy storage using batteries
- H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION

## Abstract

The present invention discloses three classes of electrolyte additives for use in secondary lithium batteries. The secondary lithium battery may comprise a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolyte, a porous separator between the positive and negative electrode, and an electrolyte additive. The electrolyte additive in the secondary lithium batteries may include non-lithium salts, inorganic fillers, and polymer additives. The use of electrolyte additives and combinations thereof improves the cell performance of secondary lithium batteries.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An electrolyte configured for use in a secondary lithium battery, the electrolyte comprising:
one or more lithium salts including at least lithium hexafluorophosphate or lithium trifluoromethylsulfonylimide;
a solvent including at least ethylene carbonate or dimethyl carbonate;
cesium nitrate at about 3 wt % of the electrolyte;
silica at about 0.5 wt % of the electrolyte;
and polyethylene oxide at about 1 wt % of the electrolyte.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte at 25° C. is 3-15 mS/cm.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the voltage window of the electrolyte is 3V to 5.2 V.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the water content of the electrolyte is below 400 ppm.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the viscosity of the electrolyte is below 1000 cP.

### Claim 6

A secondary lithium battery electrolyte, comprising:
one or more lithium salts including at least lithium hexafluorophosphate or lithium trifluoromethylsulfonylimide;
a solvent including at least dimethyl carbonate or ethylene carbonate;
cesium nitrate at about 3 wt % of the electrolyte;
fumed silica at about 0.5 wt % of the electrolyte; and
polyethylene oxide at about 1 wt % of the electrolyte.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The secondary lithium battery electrolyte of claim 6, wherein an ionic conductivity of the electrolyte at 25° Celsius is 3-15 mSiemens/cm.

### Claim 8

A secondary lithium battery, comprising:
a positive electrode;
a negative electrode;
a porous separator between the positive electrode and negative electrode; and an electrolyte, including:
one or more lithium salts including at least lithium hexafluorophosphate or lithium trifluoromethylsulfonylimide,
a solvent including at least ethylene carbonate or dimethyl carbonate,
cesium nitrate at about 3 wt % of the electrolyte,
fumed silica at about 0.5 wt % of the electrolyte, and
polyethylene oxide at about 1 wt % of the electrolyte.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The secondary lithium battery of claim 8, wherein the secondary lithium battery is characterized by having a cathode loading of 4 mAh/cm2, and has a lithium anode thickness of 30 μm.

### Claim 10 (depends on 8)

The secondary lithium battery of claim 8, wherein an ionic conductivity of the electrolyte at 25° Celsius is 3-15 mSiemens/cm.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the silica has a particle size of 3-100 nm.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the silica is configured to prevent lithium dendrite from spreading from the anode to the cathode in a secondary lithium battery containing the electrolyte.