# US 12,601,730 B2 · Method for assessing nitrogen leaching risk based on farmland soil pressure

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- Number: US 12,601,730 B2
- Document ID: US12601730B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 18/923,060
- Filed: 2024-10-22
- Published: 2026-01-08
- Granted: 2026-04-14
- Earliest claimed: 2024-07-02
- Applicants: Institute of Environmental Protection Research and Monitoring, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Inventors: Jie Li; Guilong Zhang; Yan Xu; Lili Wang; Xinxiu Wang; Houyu Li; Yungui Zhang; Jianning Zhao
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12601730B2

## CPC

- G01N 33/245: {for agricultural purposes}
- G01N 33/24: Earth materials (G01N33/42 takes precedence)
- G01N 33/246: {for water content}
- G01N: INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (measuring or testing apparatus or processes other than immunoassay, involving enzymes or microorganisms C12M, C12Q)

## Abstract

Disclosed is a method for assessing nitrogen leaching risk based on farmland soil pressure, including the following steps: acquiring soil drilling pressure data from a plurality of soil layers of different depths on soil to be tested using a soil drilling device, to obtain raw soil drilling pressure data; comparing a calibration curve with a raw soil drilling pressure curve; setting an interquartile range (IQR) coefficient based on a first fluctuation factor and a second fluctuation factor, and constructing a box plot of the raw soil drilling pressure data based on the IQR coefficient; and determining a peak soil drilling pressure according to the box plot of the raw soil drilling pressure data, and determining nitrogen leaching risk according to a depth interval of soil layer. The box plot is utilized to filter out abnormal values, ensuring the accuracy of assessing the nitrogen leaching risk in soil.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A computer-implemented method for assessing nitrogen leaching risk based on farmland soil pressure, comprising the following steps:
instructing a soil drilling device to acquire soil drilling pressure data from a plurality of soil layers of different depths on soil to be tested, to obtain raw soil drilling pressure data, and monitoring real-time parameters of the soil drilling device;
selecting a calibration curve based on basic information about the soil to be tested, plotting a raw soil drilling pressure curve based on the raw soil drilling pressure data, and comparing the calibration curve with the raw soil drilling pressure curve to determine a first fluctuation factor according to a similarity between the calibration curve and the raw soil drilling pressure curve;
determining a performance fluctuation of the soil drilling device according to the real-time parameters of the soil drilling device, determining a second fluctuation factor according to the performance fluctuation of the soil drilling device, setting an interquartile range (IQR) coefficient based on the first fluctuation factor and the second fluctuation factor, and constructing a box plot of the raw soil drilling pressure data based on the IQR coefficient;
determining a peak soil drilling pressure according to the box plot of the raw soil drilling pressure data, and determining nitrogen leaching risk according to a depth interval of soil layer where the peak soil drilling pressure is located;
determining a nitrogen prevention and control plan, and a farmland improvement scheme based on the nitrogen leaching risk; and
performing the nitrogen prevention and control plan and the farmland improvement scheme on the soil.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The computer-implemented method for assessing nitrogen leaching risk based on farmland soil pressure according to claim 1, wherein the selecting a calibration curve based on the basic information about the soil to be tested comprises:
the basic information of the soil to be tested comprising humidity, density, and compactness, setting a composite index according to the humidity, the density, and the compactness, and storing preset calibration curves corresponding to different composite indexes and soil drilling pressure in a database, the calibration curve representing a range of the soil drilling pressure varying with soil depth; and
identifying, according to an actual composite index of the soil to be tested, a calibration curve corresponding to the same composite index in the database.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The computer-implemented method for assessing nitrogen leaching risk based on farmland soil pressure according to claim 2, wherein the comparing the calibration curve with the raw soil drilling pressure curve to determine a first fluctuation factor according to the similarity between the two curves comprises:
the similarity between the two curves being 100%, and the first fluctuation factor being 0 in a case that the raw soil drilling pressure curve is entirely within a range of the calibration curve; and otherwise,
splitting a portion of the raw soil drilling pressure curve that exceeds the range of the calibration curve into a plurality of exceedance curves according to soil layer depth, calculating an average difference between each of the exceedance curves and a boundary of the calibration curve, integrating all average differences to determine the similarity, and mapping one first fluctuation factor through the similarity.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The computer-implemented method for assessing nitrogen leaching risk based on farmland soil pressure according to claim 1, wherein the determining a performance fluctuation of the soil drilling device according to the real-time parameters of the soil drilling device comprises:
obtaining the real-time parameters of the soil drilling device during soil drilling, constructing a parameter change curve for each of the real-time parameters changing over time, splitting each parameter change curve into a plurality of small curves according to the fluctuation degree of each of the real-time parameters, calculating a slope change of each of the small curves, to obtain an average value of overall slope change of the parameter change curve, dividing the real-time parameters into stable parameters and unstable parameters according to the average value of slope change, and performing standardization processing on the stable parameters and the unstable parameters; and
determining the performance fluctuation of the soil drilling device according to the stable parameters and the unstable parameters;
M
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1
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i
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i
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k
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-
M
0
where M represents the performance fluctuation of the soil drilling device, n1 represents the number of types of the stable parameters, αi represents a performance weight of an ith type of stable parameters, Qi represents a size of the ith type of stable parameters, n2 represents the number of types of the unstable parameters, βj represents a performance weight of a jth type of unstable parameters, Wj represents a size of the jth type of unstable parameters, k1 represents a first constant, and M0 represents a standard performance fluctuation range of the soil drilling device.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The computer-implemented method for assessing nitrogen leaching risk based on farmland soil pressure according to claim 4, wherein the setting an IQR coefficient based on the first fluctuation factor and the second fluctuation factor, and constructing a box plot of the raw soil drilling pressure data based on the IQR coefficient comprises:
D
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→
D
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+
D
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where D represents the IQR coefficient, γ1 represents a fluctuation weight of a larger fluctuation factor, max{s1,s2} is a larger one in the first fluctuation factor and the second fluctuation factor, s1 represents the first fluctuation factor, s2 represents the second fluctuation factor, γ2 represents a fluctuation weight of an average value of the first fluctuation factor and the second fluctuation factor,
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D
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represents an IQR compensation coefficient obtained by jointly mapping the larger fluctuation factor and the average value of the fluctuation factors, and D2 represents an initial IQR coefficient; and
determining upper and lower bounds in the box plot according to the IQR coefficient, from which the box plot of the raw soil drilling pressure data is constructed.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The computer-implemented method for assessing nitrogen leaching risk based on farmland soil pressure according to claim 5, wherein the determining a peak soil drilling pressure according to the box plot of the raw soil drilling pressure data comprises:
differentiating normal soil drilling pressure data from abnormal soil drilling pressure data according to the upper and lower bounds in the box plot of the raw soil drilling pressure data, determining the peak soil drilling pressure in the normal soil drilling pressure data, and removing the abnormal soil drilling pressure data.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The computer-implemented method for assessing nitrogen leaching risk based on farmland soil pressure according to claim 1, wherein the determining nitrogen leaching risk according to a depth interval of soil layer where the peak soil drilling pressure is located comprises:
obtaining other soil conditions, including groundwater underflow and soil barriers, and comprehensively determining the nitrogen leaching risk by combining the groundwater underflow, the soil barriers, and the depth interval of soil layer.