# US 12,600,870 B2 · Non-oxidized graphene-based anti-viral coating > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,600,870 B2 - Document ID: US12600870B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 17/356,066 - Filed: 2021-06-23 - Published: 2021-12-30 - Granted: 2026-04-14 - Earliest claimed: 2020-06-24 - Assignees: NanoXplore Inc. - Applicants: NanoXplore Inc. - Inventors: Nima Moghimian; Soroush Nazarpour - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12600870B2 ## CPC - C09D 7/62: modified by treatment with other compounds - C09D 5/14: Paints containing biocides, e.g. fungicides, insecticides or pesticides (C09D5/16 takes precedence) - C09D 7/70: {characterised by shape, e.g. fibres, flakes or microspheres} - C09D 7/80: Processes for incorporating ingredients - C08K 3/042: {Graphene or derivatives, e.g. graphene oxides} - C09D: COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR (cosmetics A61K; processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces, in general, B05D; staining wood B27K5/02; glazes or vitreous enamels C03C; natural resins, French polish, drying-oils, driers, turpentine, per se, C09F; polishing compositions other than French polish, ski waxes C09G; adhesives or use of materials as adhesives C09J; materials for sealing or packing joints or covers C09K3/10; materials for stopping leaks C09K3/12; processes for the electrolytic or electrophoretic production of coatings C25D) - C08K: Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients (paints, inks, varnishes, dyes, polishes, adhesives C09) ## Abstract Embodiments described herein relate to non-oxidized graphene-based anti-viral surfaces, and methods of producing the same. In some embodiments, a method of forming an anti-viral surface can include mixing a non-oxidized edge-functionalized graphene with a catalyst and a thermoset material to form a mixture, applying a high-shear mixing process to the mixture to form a mixed liquid, and coating the mixed liquid onto a base surface to form the anti-viral surface. In some embodiments, the method can further include chemically treating the graphene to produce the non-oxidized edge-functionalized graphene. In some embodiments, the thermoset material can include a thermoset matrix. In some embodiments, the method can include dispersing the non-oxidized edge-functionalized graphene into the thermoset matrix via the high-shear mixing. In some embodiments, dispersing the non-oxidized edge-functionalized graphene into the thermoset matrix can be via a ball mill, a high-shear mixer, and/or a homogenizer. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method of forming an anti-viral surface, the method comprising: covalently functionalizing graphene with at least one of a carboxyl group or a carbonyl group and at least one of ethylenediamine or polyethyleneimine to obtain a non-oxidized amine-edge-functionalized graphene; mixing the non-oxidized amine-edge-functionalized graphene with a catalyst and a thermoset material to form a mixture, the non-oxidized amine-edge-functionalized graphene making up between 7 wt % and 25 wt % of the mixture; applying a high-shear mixing process to the mixture to form a mixed liquid; and coating the mixed liquid onto a base surface to form the anti-viral surface. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: chemically treating graphene to produce the non-oxidized amine-edge-functionalized graphene. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the thermoset material includes a thermoset matrix, the method further comprising: dispersing the non-oxidized amine-edge-functionalized graphene into the thermoset matrix via the high-shear mixing. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The method of claim 3, wherein dispersing the non-oxidized amine-edge-functionalized graphene into the thermoset matrix is via a ball mill, a high-shear mixer, and/or a homogenizer. ### Claim 5 (depends on 3) The method of claim 3, further comprising: dispersing the non-oxidized amine-edge-functionalized graphene into a solvent prior to dispersing the non-oxidized amine-edge-functionalized graphene into the thermoset matrix. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The method of claim 5, wherein the solvent includes styrene. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the base surface is composed of a metal, a glass, and/or a plastic. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the coating is via at least one of spraying, rolling, or brushing. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: curing the anti-viral surface via exposure to ultraviolet rays. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: adding a curing agent to the mixed liquid. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, wherein the curing agent includes at least one of an aliphatic amine, a cycloaliphatic amine, a polyamide, an amidoamine, or an anhydride. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The method of claim 11, wherein the curing agent includes at least one of aminoethylpiperazine, diethylenetriamine, or triethylenetetramine. ### Claim 13 (depends on 11) The method of claim 11, wherein the curing agent includes melamine formaldehyde. ### Claim 14 (depends on 11) The method of claim 11, wherein the curing agent includes isophorone diamine. ### Claim 15 (depends on 11) The method of claim 11, wherein the curing agent includes methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride. ### Claim 16 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the catalyst includes at least one of N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine, dibutyltin dilaurate, a peroxide, or a tin-based catalyst. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16, wherein the catalyst includes at least one of dicumyl peroxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, or methyl ethyl ketone peroxide. ### Claim 18 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16, wherein the catalyst includes at least one of an inorganic tin (II) based catalyst, or an organotin (IV) based catalyst. ### Claim 19 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the thermoset material includes at least one of a polyol, a polyurethane, an unsaturated polyester, and an unsaturated epoxy. ### Claim 20 A method of forming an anti-viral surface, the method comprising: functionalizing graphene with at least one of ethylenediamine or polyethyleneimine to obtain a non-oxidized edge-functionalized graphene; mixing the non-oxidized edge-functionalized graphene with a catalyst and a thermoset material to form a mixture, the non-oxidized edge-functionalized graphene making up between about 7 wt % and about 25 wt % of the mixture; applying a high-shear mixing process to the mixture to form a mixed liquid; and coating the mixed liquid onto a base surface to form the anti-viral surface. ### Claim 21 (depends on 20) The method of claim 20, further comprising: chemically treating graphene to produce the non-oxidized edge-functionalized graphene. ### Claim 22 (depends on 20) The method of claim 20, wherein the thermoset material includes a thermoset matrix, the method further comprising: dispersing the non-oxidized edge-functionalized graphene into the thermoset matrix via the high-shear mixing. ### Claim 23 (depends on 22) The method of claim 22, wherein dispersing the non-oxidized edge-functionalized graphene into the thermoset matrix is via a ball mill, a high-shear mixer, and/or a homogenizer. ### Claim 24 (depends on 22) The method of claim 22, further comprising: dispersing the non-oxidized edge-functionalized graphene into a solvent prior to dispersing the non-oxidized edge-functionalized graphene into the thermoset matrix. ### Claim 25 (depends on 24) The method of claim 24, wherein the solvent includes styrene. ### Claim 26 (depends on 20) The method of claim 20, wherein the base surface is composed of a metal, a glass, and/or a plastic. ### Claim 27 (depends on 20) The method of claim 20, wherein the coating is via at least one of spraying, rolling, or brushing. ### Claim 28 (depends on 20) The method of claim 20, further comprising: curing the anti-viral surface via exposure to ultraviolet rays. ### Claim 29 (depends on 20) The method of claim 20, further comprising: adding a curing agent to the mixed liquid. ### Claim 30 (depends on 29) The method of claim 29, wherein the curing agent includes at least one of an aliphatic amine, a cycloaliphatic amine, a polyamide, an amidoamine, or an anhydride. ### Claim 31 (depends on 20) The method of claim 20, wherein the catalyst includes at least one of N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine, dibutyltin dilaurate, a peroxide, or a tin-based catalyst. ### Claim 32 (depends on 20) The method of claim 20, wherein the thermoset material includes at least one of a polyol, a polyurethane, an unsaturated polyester, and an unsaturated epoxy.