Functionalized silica aerogel powder and preparation method thereof, aerogel slurry and preparation method and use thereof

A method for preparing a functionalized silica aerogel powder, comprising the following steps:

• S1, adding dodecyl methacrylate, pentafluorophenyl methacrylate, an organic solvent, and halloysite nanotubes to a reaction vessel, adding an initiator to the reaction vessel to obtain a reaction system, controlling a reaction temperature of the reaction system to 70-80° C. and reacting for 4-8 h under stirring, then cooling and filtering the reaction system to obtain a filter residue, washing and drying the filter residue to prepare copolymer-modified halloysite nanotubes;
• S2, mixing a silicon source, deionized water, absolute ethanol, and n-hexane under stirring at room temperature to prepare a silicon source precursor solution;
• S3, adding an acid catalyst to the silicon source precursor solution prepared in the step S2 to adjust a pH value of the silicon source precursor solution to 2-3, and performing a hydrolysis reaction under heating by a water bath to prepare a silica sol;
• S4, adding an alkaline catalyst to the silica sol prepared in the step S3 to adjust a pH value of the silica sol to 6-7, adding the copolymer-modified halloysite nanotubes prepared in the step S1, stirring and sonicating, then adding diphenylmethane diisocyanate and an organotin catalyst, reacting at 50-60° C. for 8-15 h, and standing to prepare a wet gel;
• and
• S5, aging the wet gel prepared in the step S4 for 10-15 h, adding a hydrophobic modifier for hydrophobic modification, drying, and ball-milling to prepare the functionalized silica aerogel powder.