Intelligent surface and spatial electromagnetic wave manipulation system

An intelligent surface, comprising:

• M types of electromagnetic units, wherein M is greater than or equal to 2;
• wherein types of the M types of electromagnetic units are distinguished by at least one of a geometric shape of an electromagnetic unit, a manipulation manner of an electromagnetic unit or a type of an electromagnetic parameter manipulated by an electromagnetic unit;
• wherein the M types of electromagnetic units comprise P types of basic electromagnetic units and Q types of transformed electromagnetic units, wherein P≥1, Q≥1 and P+Q=M;
• and wherein in the P types of basic electromagnetic units and the Q types of transformed electromagnetic units, K1 types of electromagnetic units are static electromagnetic units, and K2 types of electromagnetic units are dynamically-reconfigurable electromagnetic units, wherein K1>0, K2>0, and K1+K2=P+Q;
• or in the P types of basic electromagnetic units and the Q types of transformed electromagnetic units, K3 types of electromagnetic units are active electromagnetic units which are capable of emitting electromagnetic signals, and K4 types of electromagnetic units are passive electromagnetic units which are incapable of emitting electromagnetic signals, wherein K3>0, K4>0, and K3+K4=P+Q;
• and wherein
• a basic electromagnetic unit in the P types of basic electromagnetic units forms a transformed electromagnetic unit in the Q types of transformed electromagnetic units in at least one of the following manners:
• rotating the basic electromagnetic unit by a preset angle relative to a center of the basic electromagnetic unit to form the transformed electromagnetic unit;
• or mirror-flipping the basic electromagnetic unit relative to a preset flipping axis on a plane where the basic electromagnetic unit is located to form the transformed electromagnetic unit;
• a basic electromagnetic unit in the P types of basic electromagnetic units forms a transformed electromagnetic unit in the Q types of transformed electromagnetic units in at least one of the following manners:
• enlarging or reducing an overall size of a patch layer of the basic electromagnetic unit according to a preset proportion to form the transformed electromagnetic unit;
• or enlarging or reducing an overall size of the basic electromagnetic unit according to a preset proportion to form the transformed electromagnetic unit;
• or
• a transformed electromagnetic unit in the Q types of transformed electromagnetic units is formed by partially changing a shape of a patch layer of a basic electromagnetic unit in the P types of basic electromagnetic units, wherein partially changing the shape of the patch layer of the basic electromagnetic unit comprises at least one of the following:
• partially changing a length of the patch layer, partially changing a width of the patch layer, partially changing curvature of the patch layer, or partially changing a radius of the patch layer.