# US 12,594,858 B2 · Electric vehicle battery system control strategy incorporating thermal management > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,594,858 B2 - Document ID: US12594858B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 18/463,474 - Filed: 2023-09-08 - Published: 2025-03-13 - Granted: 2026-04-07 - Earliest claimed: 2023-09-08 - Assignees: Volvo Car Corporation - Applicants: Volvo Car Corporation - Inventors: Rui César - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12594858B2 ## CPC - B60L 58/18: of two or more battery modules - B60L 58/25: by controlling the electric load - B60L 3/0046: {relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors} - B60L 58/12: responding to state of charge [SoC] - B60L 58/16: responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH] - B60L 58/22: Balancing the charge of battery modules - B60L 58/24: for controlling the temperature of batteries - B60L 58/26: by cooling - B60L 58/27: by heating - H01M 10/4257: {Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries} - H02J 1/082: DC supplies with two or more different DC voltage levels - H02J 7/50: acting upon multiple batteries simultaneously or sequentially - H02J 7/855: {with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery} - H02J 7/875: {Charging or discharging for charge maintenance, battery initiation or rejuvenation} - H01M 2010/4278: {Systems for data transfer from batteries, e.g. transfer of battery parameters to a controller, data transferred between battery controller and main controller} - H01M 2220/20: Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane - H02J 2105/37: exchanging power with electric vehicles [EV] or with hybrid electric vehicles [HEV] - Y02T 10/70: Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries - B60L: PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES (arrangements or mounting of electrical propulsion units or of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion in vehicles B60K1/00, B60K6/20; arrangements or mounting of electrical gearing in vehicles B60K17/12, B60K17/14; preventing wheel slip by reducing power in rail vehicles B61C15/08; dynamo-electric machines H02K; control or regulation of electric motors H02P); SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES (electric coupling devices combined with mechanical couplings of vehicles B60D1/64; electric heating for vehicles B60H1/00); ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL (control or regulation of electric motors H02P); MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES - H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY - H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY - Y02T: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION ## Abstract Control strategies for an electric vehicle battery system that incorporate thermal management are described. In an example, a method comprises employing, by a system operatively coupled to at least one processor, a smartcell battery system to supply power to one or more electrical systems of an electric vehicle, the smart cell battery system comprising a plurality of battery cell units respectively comprising local controllers that control operations of respective battery cells connected to the local controllers. The method further comprises determining, by the system, control information for each of the battery cell units that results in balancing bringing the respective battery cells within a target thermal window and satisfying power demands of the one or more electrical systems, and directing, by the system, the local controllers to control the operations of the respective battery cells in accordance with the control information. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method, comprising: employing, by a system operatively coupled to at least one processor, a smartcell battery system to supply power to one or more electrical systems of an electric vehicle, the smartcell battery system comprising a plurality of battery cell units respectively comprising local controllers that control operations of respective battery cells connected to the local controllers; determining, by the system, based on respective current operating contexts of the battery cell units, respective target temperature windows for the battery cell units; and controlling, by the system, via transmissions of respective control information to the battery cell units, respective operations of the battery cells of the battery cell units to bring respective temperatures of the battery cells within the respective target temperature windows of the corresponding battery cell units and satisfy power demands of the one or more electrical systems, and while maintaining a temperature delta of the respective temperatures of the battery cells in the smartcell battery system that satisfies a defined criterion. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining, by the system, respective temperature changes required to bring the battery cells within the respective thermal target windows; and determining, by the system, the respective control information comprises based on the respective temperature changes. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the respective current operating contexts of the battery cell units comprise the smartcell battery system being connected to a charging system external to the electric vehicle, and wherein the determining the respective target temperature windows for the battery cell units comprises determining the respective target temperature windows based on at least one of a type of voltage supplied by the charging system or a voltage level of the voltage supplied by the charging system. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the respective current operating contexts of the battery cell units comprise at least one of a type of voltage being employed to supply the power to the one or more electrical systems or a voltage level being employed to supply the power to the one or more electrical systems, and wherein the determining the respective target temperature windows for the battery cell units comprises determining the respective target temperature windows based on at least one of the type of voltage being employed to supply the power to the one or more electrical systems or the voltage level being employed to supply the power to the one or more electrical systems. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, and wherein the respective current operating contexts of the battery cell units comprise respective operating modes of the battery cells, wherein the operating modes comprise active mode, inactive mode, positive more, negative mode, and bypass mode, wherein the determining the respective target temperature windows for the battery cell units comprises determining respective target temperature windows for the battery cells based on the respective operating modes of the battery cells. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The method of claim 5, wherein the control information controls timing and duration of operating the battery cells in the operating modes based on the respective target temperature windows for the battery cells. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving, by the system, battery cell unit parameter information from the local controllers comprising one or more current parameters associated with the respective battery cells, the one or more current parameters comprising current temperatures of the respective battery cells; and determining, by the system, the respective control information comprise determining the control information based on the battery cell unit parameter information. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining, by the system, the respective control information based on states of charge and states of health of the respective battery cells. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining, by the system, the respective control information based on diagnostic information associated with the battery cell units, wherein the diagnostic information indicates whether respective ones of the battery cell units received a diagnosis of being faulty or unsafe. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The method of claim 9, wherein the respective control information directs any of the battery cell units that received the diagnosis of being faulty or unsafe to operate respective ones of their battery cells in an inactive operating mode. ### Claim 11 A system, comprising: a smartcell battery system configured to supply power to one or more electrical systems of an electric vehicle, the smartcell battery system comprising a plurality of battery cell units respectively comprising local controllers that control operations of respective battery cells connected to the local controllers; a memory that stores computer-executable components; and a processor that executes at least one of the computer-executable components that: determines, based on respective current operating contexts of the battery cell units, respective target temperature windows for the battery cell units; and controlling, via transmissions of respective control information to the battery cell units, respective operations of the battery cells of the battery cell units to bring respective temperatures of the battery cells within the respective target temperature windows of the corresponding battery cell units and satisfy power demands of the one or more electrical systems, and while maintaining a temperature delta of the respective temperatures of the battery cells in the smartcell battery system that satisfies a defined criterion. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The system of claim 11, wherein the at least one of the computer-executable components further: determines respective temperature changes required to bring the battery cells within the respective thermal target windows; and determines the respective control information based on the temperature changes. ### Claim 13 (depends on 11) The system of claim 11, wherein the respective current operating contexts of the battery cell units comprise the smartcell battery system being connected to a charging system external to the electric vehicle, and wherein the determining the respective target temperature windows for the battery cell units comprises determining the respective target temperature windows based on at least one of a type of voltage supplied by the charging system or a voltage level of the voltage supplied by the charging system. ### Claim 14 (depends on 11) The system of claim 11, wherein the respective current operating contexts of the battery cell units comprise at least one of a type of voltage being employed to supply the power to the one or more electrical systems or a voltage level being employed to supply the power to the one or more electrical systems, and wherein the determining the respective target temperature windows for the battery cell units comprises determining the respective target temperature windows based on at least one of the type of voltage being employed to supply the power to the one or more electrical systems or the voltage level being employed to supply the power to the one or more electrical systems. ### Claim 15 (depends on 11) The system of claim 11, wherein the respective current operating contexts of the battery cell units comprise respective operating modes of the battery cells, wherein the operating modes comprise active mode, inactive mode, positive more, negative mode, and bypass mode, wherein the determining the respective target temperature windows for the battery cell units comprises determining respective target temperature windows for the battery cells based on the respective operating modes of the battery cells. ### Claim 16 (depends on 11) The system of claim 11, wherein the at least one of the computer-executable components further: receives battery cell unit parameter information from the local controllers comprising one or more current parameters associated with the respective battery cells, the one or more current parameters comprising current temperatures of the respective battery cells; and determines the respective control information based on the battery cell unit parameter information. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The system of claim 16, wherein the battery cell unit parameter information further comprises states of charge and states of health of the respective battery cells. ### Claim 18 A non-transitory computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon to facilitate controlling power supplied to one or more electrical systems of an electric vehicle from a smartcell battery system comprising a plurality of battery cell units respectively comprising local controllers that control operations of respective battery cells connected to the local controllers, wherein the instructions, when executed by a processor, facilitate performance of operations, comprising: determining, based on respective current operating contexts of the battery cell units, respective target temperature windows for the battery cell units; and controlling, via transmissions of respective control information to the battery cell units, respective operations of the battery cells of the battery cell units to bring respective temperatures of the battery cells within the respective target temperature windows of the corresponding battery cell units and satisfy power demands of the one or more electrical systems, and while maintaining a temperature delta of the respective temperatures of the battery cells in the smartcell battery system that satisfies a defined criterion. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein the operations further comprise: determining respective temperature changes required to bring the battery cells within the respective thermal target windows; and determining the respective control information based on the respective temperature changes. ### Claim 20 (depends on 18) The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein the respective current operating contexts of the battery cell units comprise the smartcell battery system being connected to a charging system external to the electric vehicle, and wherein the determining the respective target temperature windows for the battery cell units comprises determining the respective target temperature windows based on at least one of a type of voltage supplied by the charging system or a voltage level of the voltage supplied by the charging system.