Reinforced membrane systems

A fiber de-gassing membrane system, the system comprising:

• a plurality of membrane fibers each defining a longitudinal membrane fiber axis, wherein at least one of the membrane fibers has a first stiffness in a longitudinal membrane fiber axis direction, wherein the plurality of membrane fibers are arranged in a plurality of membrane layers;
• and
• reinforcing fibers positioned adjacent to at least one of the plurality of membrane fibers, wherein the reinforcement fibers each define a longitudinal reinforcing fiber axis, wherein the reinforcing fibers have a second stiffness in a longitudinal reinforcing fiber axis direction, wherein the second stiffness is greater than the first stiffness, wherein at least one of the reinforcing fibers is positioned at an angle relative to a longitudinal axis of the membrane system, wherein an angle between at least one of the reinforcing fibers and the longitudinal axis of the membrane system is at least one of greater than 20 degrees and less than 75 degrees, or less than-20 degrees and greater than −75 degrees,
• wherein the reinforcing fibers are arranged in a plurality of reinforcing layers, at least one of the reinforcing layers arranged radially inward of all of the plurality of membrane layers, and at least one of the reinforcing layers arranged radially outward from at least one of the plurality of membrane layers;
• and
• wherein the reinforcing fibers are separate from the membrane fibers, and further wherein the reinforcing fibers are adjacently interspersed with the plurality of membrane fibers in at least one of the plurality of membrane layers, the reinforcing fibers extending parallel to the plurality of membrane fibers.