Mitochondria-targeted atovagone: a more potent and more effective antitumor, antimicrobial, and antimalarial drug

A mito-ATO compound of formula (I)

• wherein
• X is selected from an unsubstituted C1-C20 alkyl, substituted C1-C20 alkyl, C2-C20 alkenyl, phenyl, phenyl substituted C1-C20 alkyl, cycloalkyl substituted C1-C20 alkyl, an aminoacid, and polyethylene glycol (PEG);
• each Y is independently selected from —H, —CF3, methyl (Me), Cl, OMe, C(O)CH3, NO2, N(Me)2;
• R is selected from H, F, Cl, Br, and I;
• and
• Z− is selected from halogen, 2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), HO−, RCOO−, and acetic acid.