# US 12,594,011 B2 · CMOS-based low-power, low-noise potentiostat circuit and its integration with an ENFM-based glucose sensor

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- Number: US 12,594,011 B2
- Document ID: US12594011B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 18/164,525
- Filed: 2023-02-03
- Published: 2023-06-08
- Granted: 2026-04-07
- Earliest claimed: 2019-10-29
- Assignees: University of South Florida
- Applicants: University of South Florida
- Inventors: Kavyashree Puttananjegowda; Sylvia Thomas; Arash Takshi
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12594011B2

## CPC

- A61B 5/14532: {for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement}
- C12Q 1/001: {Enzyme electrodes}
- A61B 5/1468: using chemical or electrochemical methods, e.g. by polarographic means
- A61B 5/1486: using enzyme electrodes, e.g. with immobilised oxidase
- A61B 5/72: {Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes}
- C12Q 1/002: {Electrode membranes}
- C12Q 1/006: {for glucose}
- G01N 27/3271: {Amperometric enzyme electrodes for analytes in body fluids, e.g. glucose in blood (amperometry per se G01N27/49; aspects concerning the enzyme reagent C12Q1/001)}
- G01N 27/3272: {Test elements therefor, i.e. disposable laminated substrates with electrodes, reagent and channels (optical biosensors G01N33/52)}
- A61B 2560/0204: of power management
- A61B 2562/0285: Nanoscale sensors
- A61B 2562/125: characterised by the manufacture of electrodes
- G01N 2333/904: acting on CHOH groups as donors, e.g. glucose oxidase, lactate dehydrogenase (1.1)
- A61B: DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION (usefulness limited to only animals A61D)
- C12Q: MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS (immunoassay G01N33/53); COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- G01N: INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (measuring or testing apparatus or processes other than immunoassay, involving enzymes or microorganisms C12M, C12Q)

## Abstract

The present disclosure presents glucose sensing methods and systems. One such system comprises an electrospun-nanofibrous-membrane (ENFM)-based amperometric glucose sensor integrated on a silicon chip, in which the glucose sensor has a working electrode, a reference electrode, and a counter electrode, wherein the working electrode comprises an ENFM-based sensing electrode. The system further comprises a potentiostat circuit integrated on the silicon chip such that the potentiostat circuit comprises a voltage control unit to control a voltage difference between the working electrode and the reference electrode and a transimpedance amplifier to measure a current flow between the working electrode and the counter electrode, in which a strength of the current flow corresponds to an amount of glucose present in a sample of blood on the glucose sensor.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method for forming a glucose sensor, comprising:
providing a silicon chip comprising an integrated potentiostat circuit, wherein the potentiostat circuit comprises a voltage control unit and a transimpedance amplifier; and
integrating a nanofibrous-membrane-based amperometric glucose sensor on the silicon chip, wherein:
the glucose sensor comprises a working electrode, a reference electrode, and a counter electrode, wherein the working electrode comprises a nanofibrous-membrane comprising glucose oxidase bound to nanofibers;
the potentiostat circuit is coupled to the glucose sensor;
the voltage control unit controls a voltage difference between the working electrode and the reference electrode; and
the transimpedance amplifier measures a current flow between the working electrode and the counter electrode, wherein a strength of the current flow corresponds to an amount of glucose present in a sample of blood on the glucose sensor.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the potentiostat circuit is implemented using a difference-differential telescopic cascode common source amplifier configuration.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the provided silicon chip further comprises an analog to digital converter and a digital signal processing circuit integrated on the silicon chip.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the reference electrode comprises an Ag/AgCl electrode and the counter electrode comprises a gold-coated electrode.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the nanofibrous-membrane comprises an electrospun-nanofibrous-membrane (ENFM).

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the nanofibrous-membrane comprises PEDOT:PSS nanofibers.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the potentiostat circuit is configured to detect an electrochemical current in the range of 200 nA to 20 μA from the working electrode.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the potentiostat circuit is characterized by a power consumption of 225 μW.

### Claim 9 (depends on 7)

The method of claim 7, wherein the potentiostat circuit is characterized by a power consumption of 225 μW.

### Claim 10

A method for forming a glucose sensor, comprising:
providing a silicon chip comprising an integrated potentiostat circuit, wherein the potentiostat circuit comprises a voltage control unit and a transimpedance amplifier; and
forming a nanofibrous-membrane-based glucose sensor on the silicon chip, comprising:
forming a working electrode, a reference electrode, and a counter electrode on the silicon chip, wherein the working electrode comprises a nanofibrous-membrane comprising glucose oxidase bound to nanofibers; and
coupling the potentiostat circuit to the glucose sensor on a single chip, wherein:
the voltage control unit controls a voltage difference between the working electrode and the reference electrode; and
the transimpedance amplifier measures a current flow between the working electrode and the counter electrode, wherein a strength of the current flow corresponds to an amount of glucose present in a sample on the glucose sensor.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10, wherein the potentiostat circuit is implemented using a difference-differential telescopic cascode common source amplifier configuration.

### Claim 12 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10, wherein the provided silicon chip further comprises an analog to digital converter and a digital signal processing circuit integrated on the silicon chip.

### Claim 13 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10, wherein:
forming the reference electrode comprises forming an Ag/AgCl electrode; and
forming the counter electrode comprises forming an electrode comprising gold.

### Claim 14 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10, wherein forming the working electrode comprises:
forming a first electrode comprising gold; and
electrospinning an electrospinning solution to form the nanofibers on the first electrode.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

The method of claim 14, wherein the nanofibers comprise PEDOT:PSS nanofibers.

### Claim 16 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10, wherein the nanofibrous-membrane comprises PEDOT:PSS nanofibers.

### Claim 17 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10, further comprising forming a cavity in the silicon chip, and wherein the working electrode, a reference electrode, and a counter electrode are formed within the cavity.

### Claim 18 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10, wherein the potentiostat circuit is configured to detect an electrochemical current in the range of 200 nA to 20 μA from the working electrode.

### Claim 19 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10, wherein the potentiostat circuit is characterized by a power consumption of 225 μW.

### Claim 20 (depends on 18)

The method of claim 18, wherein the potentiostat circuit is characterized by a power consumption of 225 μW.