# US 12,593,973 B2 · Apparatus to measure fast-paced performance of people > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,593,973 B2 - Document ID: US12593973B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 18/671,718 - Filed: 2024-05-22 - Published: 2024-09-19 - Granted: 2026-04-07 - Earliest claimed: 2015-06-05 - Assignees: S2 Cognition, Inc. - Applicants: S2 Cognition, Inc. - Inventors: Brandon Ally; Scott Wylie - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12593973B2 ## CPC - A61B 3/02: Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient - A61B 5/16: Devices for psychotechnics (using teaching or educational appliances G09B1/00 - G09B7/00); Testing reaction times {; Devices for evaluating the psychological state} - A61B 5/162: {Testing reaction times} - A61H 5/00: Exercisers for the eyes - A61H 2201/5046: Touch screens - A61B: DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION (usefulness limited to only animals A61D) - A61H: PHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY (electrotherapy, magnetotherapy, radiation therapy or ultrasound therapy A61N) ## Abstract The present disclosure provides improved methods and apparatus for evaluation of an individual's cognitive performance in a fast-paced, visually dynamic environment. The apparatus may comprise a display configured to present a plurality of stimuli to the subject, and a processor coupled to the display, the processor comprising instructions to determine a subject's visual perceptual skills, memory and learning skills, and response command and control skills. The methods and apparatus described herein can evaluate key cognitive processes that underlie split-second decision-making in visually dynamic environments. The results can provide comparison of cognitive skills across individuals performing in a specific environment, as well as evaluations of more targeted sets of cognitive processes for specific positions in an environment that might require unique sets of skills. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An apparatus to measure a cognitive performance of a subject, the apparatus comprising: a display to present a plurality of stimuli to the subject; and a processor coupled to the display, the processor comprising instructions to determine a visual perception of the subject, a memory and learning of the subject, and a command and control of the subject, the plurality of stimuli configured to measure a speed and an accuracy of the subject to act or withhold action in response to the plurality of stimuli, wherein the plurality of stimuli comprises a stimulus moving on the display with a speed and an angle, the stimulus disappears behind an occlusion at a first location, and the processor is configured to receive a user input corresponding to a predicted second location of the occluded stimulus at a distance from the first location. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the plurality of stimuli comprises stimuli to measure the visual perception of the subject, stimuli to measure the memory and learning of the subject and stimuli to measure the command and control of the subject. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor comprises instructions to provide an assessment task configured to measure a speed and accuracy of the subject at locating a target in a distracting visual environment. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor comprises instructions to provide an assessment task configured to measure an ability of the subject to track multiple moving targets simultaneously. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor comprises instructions to provide an assessment task configured to measure a speed at which the subject disengages and shifts visual attention to a new target. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor comprises instructions to provide an assessment task configured to measure an ability of the subject to detect a direction of movement of a target amid visual distraction and chaos. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the stimuli to measure the memory and learning of the subject comprises a plurality of stimuli to evaluate one or more of explicit memory of the subject, implicit memory of the subject, or procedural memory of the subject. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the plurality of stimuli comprise stimuli to evaluate one or more brain circuitries of a hippocampus, parietal cortex, mesial temporal lobes, frontal lobes, or basal ganglia of the subject. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor comprises instructions to provide an assessment task configured to measure an ability of the subject to recognize and discriminate complex visual patterns. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor comprises instructions to provide an assessment task configured to measure an ability of the subject to detect subtle changes in a visual scene. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor comprises instructions to provide an assessment task configured to measure an ability of the subject to learn how to react to new visual information based on probabilistic feedback. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor comprises instructions to provide an assessment task configured to measure a speed and accuracy of the subject at selecting an optimal response for a situation as response options increase in number. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor comprises instructions to provide an assessment task configured to measure a speed and accuracy of the subject at translating visual motion into action based on context. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor comprises instructions to provide an assessment task configured to measure an ability of the subject to regulate and optimize a speed and accuracy of reactions. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor comprises instructions to provide an assessment task configured to measure an ability of the subject to prevent and recover from initial action impulses in response to the plurality of stimuli. ### Claim 16 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor comprises instructions to provide an assessment task configured to measure an ability of the subject to control the subject's timing of reactions to rapidly moving visual targets. ### Claim 17 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor comprises instructions to provide an assessment task configured to measure an ability of the subject to regulate a decision to act or withhold action, based on whether a moving visual target is predicted to intercept or avoid a point in space. ### Claim 18 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor comprises instructions to provide an assessment task configured to measure an ability of the subject to encode and maintain representations of target locations in a working memory of the subject. ### Claim 19 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor comprises instructions to provide an assessment task configured to measure a speed of initiation of action and inhibition of action by the subject in response to visual cues in an environment of the subject. ### Claim 20 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor comprises instructions to provide an assessment task configured to measure an accuracy of externally cued rhythmic motor timing of the subject and rhythmic motor timing of the subject that is maintained based on an internal, mental representation of the timing. ### Claim 21 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor comprises instructions to provide an assessment task configured to measure a preference of the subject for making relatively risky decisions or relatively cautious decisions when rewards are at stake. ### Claim 22 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor comprises instructions to provide an assessment task with the plurality of stimuli configured to measure an accuracy of the subject in predicting how a moving visual target will ricochet at an angle off of stationary objects. ### Claim 23 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor comprises instructions to provide an assessment task configured to measure an accuracy of the subject in estimating a spatial angle from the plurality of stimuli. ### Claim 24 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: an input device configured to be responsive to one or more hands of the subject, the input device coupled to the processor; wherein the processor comprises instructions to: receive an instruction to show the plurality of stimuli on the display; provide, within 20 ms of receiving the instruction, the plurality of the stimuli on the display; detect the subject providing a response to the input device; and measure performance of the subject in performing an assessment task based on the response input provided to the input device. ### Claim 25 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the instructions comprise instructions of an application downloaded from a network, wherein the display comprises a display of a computing device, and wherein an input device is coupled to the computing device.