# US 12,591,769 B2 · Threshold adjusted neuron circuit > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,591,769 B2 - Document ID: US12591769B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 18/003,391 - Filed: 2021-06-18 - Published: 2023-10-19 - Granted: 2026-03-31 - Earliest claimed: 2020-06-29 - Applicants: Tobb Ekonomi Ve Teknoloji Universitesi - Inventors: Ali Bozbey; Sasan Razmkhah - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12591769B2 ## CPC - G06N 3/063: using electronic means - G06N 10/40: Physical realisations or architectures of quantum processors or components for manipulating qubits, e.g. qubit coupling or qubit control - G06N 3/065: Analogue means - G06N: COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS ## Abstract A neuron circuit, which electronically applies the working principle of the neurons in human brain, controls an input signal according to a set threshold value, and allows to provide an output signal above the threshold value. The neuron circuit controls an input signal according to a set threshold value and allows for an output signal above the threshold value, for determining the size of the threshold value of the circuit, and has at least one threshold resistor, at least one bias resistor, at least one decaying resistor, and at least one switching unit connected to at least one of these resistors. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A neuron circuit that controls an input signal according to a set threshold value, the set threshold value being changeable and adjustable, the neuron circuit outputting an output signal above the set threshold value, the neuron circuit being superconducting, the neuron circuit comprising: at least one threshold loop having at least one signal input and at least one signal output and at least one first junction and at least one second junction and at least one threshold resistor and at least one threshold side coupled inductor and a bias input and at least one bias connected to the bias input so as to receive the input signal processed from the at least one signal input so as to decay the signal according to the set threshold value or enabling the output of the signal through the at least one signal output and repeating for each new signal, the at least one first junction and the at least one second junction enabling the signal to remain within the at least one threshold loop between the at least one signal input and the at least one signal output until the signal reaches the threshold value, the at least one first junction and the at least one second junction being insulators; at least one decaying loop having at least one decaying side coupling inductor and at least one decaying resistor, said at least one decaying loop being superconducting and integrated with said at least one threshold loop so as to determine the threshold value of the signal in the at least one threshold loop, the at least one decaying side coupling inductor being coupled to the at least one decaying side coupling inductor on said at least one threshold loop via a decaying threshold coupling so as to determine the threshold value of the signal in said at least one threshold loop as a result of a distance between said at least one decaying side coupling inductor and the at least one threshold side coupled inductor and the magnetic fields thereof; and at least one switching unit connected to the at least one bias resistor or the at least one threshold resistor or the at least one decaying resistor, wherein the neuron circuit comprises more than one neuron circuit that have different threshold values and are connected in parallel to each other. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The neuron circuit of claim 1, wherein said at least one threshold loop has the at least one threshold resistor and the at least one threshold side coupled inductor and the bias input so as to receive the signal to be processed from the at least one signal input and stores the signal entering through the at least one signal input. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The neuron circuit of claim 2, wherein the at least one threshold resistor enables current limiting by providing resistance against a current acting thereon and enable the signal to reach a desired threshold value, the at least one threshold resistor limits and decays the signal in said at least one threshold loop. ### Claim 4 (depends on 2) The neuron circuit of claim 2, wherein the at least one threshold resistor reduces the signal in said at least one threshold loop so as to store the signal while decaying over time, the at least one threshold resistor enabling an adjusting of a time of decay of the signal stored in said at least one threshold loop. ### Claim 5 (depends on 2) The neuron circuit of claim 2, wherein the at least one threshold side coupled inductor provides a signal transmission to said at least one threshold loop and enables an adjusting of time of decay of the signal in said at least one threshold loop and a time of keeping the signal in the neuron circuit, the at least one threshold side coupled inductor storing a current therein and provides a signal transmission on said at least one threshold loop. ### Claim 6 (depends on 2) The neuron circuit of claim 2, wherein the bias input provides a continuous supply of power required for energizing said at least one threshold loop so as to ensure that the signal remains at the threshold value, the bias input supplying said at least one threshold loop with direct current. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The neuron circuit of claim 1, wherein the at least one signal input is connected to a circuit component that produces the signal that enters into said at least one threshold loop. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The neuron circuit of claim 1, wherein the at least one first junction and the at least one second junction enable the signal to be transformed into the output signal when the signal enters int the at least one threshold loop through the at least one signal input and determines an amplitude of the signal in the at least one threshold loop and the number of signals incoming to the at least one threshold loop. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The neuron circuit of claim 1, wherein the at least one first junction and the at least one second junction enable the signal incoming through the at least one signal input to be stored in a persistent loop until reaching a desired threshold value when there is no at least one threshold resistor and the at least one threshold side coupled inductor on said at least one threshold loop. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The neuron circuit of claim 1, wherein at least one decaying loop is magnetically coupled to said at least one threshold loop, said at least one decaying loop adjusting an output time and a storage duration of the signal input in accordance with a coupling factor between said at least one decaying loop and said at least one threshold loop and is integrated to said at least one threshold loop in order to determine the threshold value of the signal in said at least one threshold loop. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The neuron circuit of claim 10, wherein an increase in the coupling factor between said at least one decaying loop and said at least one threshold loop generates a current due to a magnetic field enables the generated current to decrease when passing over the at least one decaying resistor. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The neuron circuit of claim 1, wherein said at least one decaying loop enables an adjustment of the threshold value of the signal in said at least one threshold loop and increases a required number of signals when the threshold value is increased. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The neuron circuit of claim 1, wherein the at least one decaying side coupling inductor and the at least one threshold side coupled inductor in said at least one threshold loop are mutually affected by respective magnetic fields. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The neuron circuit of claim 1, wherein said at least one decaying loop reduces the threshold value of said at least one threshold loop when a coupling factor between said at least one decaying loop and said at least one threshold loop is reduced. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) The neuron circuit of claim 1, wherein said at least one decaying loop increases the threshold value of said at least one threshold loop when a coupling factor between said at least one decaying loop and said at least one threshold loop is increased. ### Claim 16 (depends on 1) The neuron circuit of claim 1, wherein the at least one decaying side coupling inductor is affected by a magnetic field of the at least one threshold side coupled inductor so as to accelerate a decaying of a signal current stored in said at least one threshold loop. ### Claim 17 (depends on 1) The neuron circuit of claim 1, wherein the at least one signal input is connected to at least one output of a splitter. ### Claim 18 (depends on 1) The neuron circuit of claim 1, wherein the at least one signal output is connected to at least one input of a merger. ### Claim 19 (depends on 1) The neuron circuit of claim 1, wherein said at least one switching unit is connected between the at least one threshold resistor and the bias input in each neuron circuit. ### Claim 20 (depends on 1) The neuron circuit of claim 1, further comprising: a plurality of D-flip flops connected to the at least one signal output of each neuron circuit, each of said plurality of D-flip flops having an input and an output and a clock pulse input that is triggered by a clock pulse signal. ### Claim 21 A neuron circuit that controls an input signal according to a set threshold value, the set threshold value being changeable and adjustable, the neuron circuit outputting an output signal above the set threshold value, the neuron circuit being superconducting, the neuron circuit comprising: at least one threshold loop having at least one signal input and at least one signal output and at least one first junction and at least one second junction and at least one threshold resistor and at least one threshold side coupled inductor and a bias input and at least one bias connected to the bias input so as to receive the input signal processed from the at least one signal input so as to decay the signal according to the set threshold value or enabling the output of the signal through the at least one signal output and repeating for each new signal, the at least one first junction and the at least one second junction enabling the signal to remain within the at least one threshold loop between the at least one signal input and the at least one signal output until the signal reaches the threshold value, the at least one first junction and the at least one second junction being insulators; at least one decaying loop having at least one decaying side coupling inductor and at least one decaying resistor, said at least one decaying loop being superconducting and integrated with said at least one threshold loop so as to determine the threshold value of the signal in the at least one threshold loop, the at least one decaying side coupling inductor being coupled to the at least one decaying side coupling inductor on said at least one threshold loop via a decaying threshold coupling so as to determine the threshold value of the signal in said at least one threshold loop as a result of a distance between said at least one decaying side coupling inductor and the at least one threshold side coupled inductor and the magnetic fields thereof; and at least one switching unit connected to the at least one bias resistor or the at least one threshold resistor or the at least one decaying resistor, wherein said at least one switching unit is adapted to switch between a plurality of threshold resistors or between a plurality of bias resistors or between a plurality of decaying resistors.