# US 12,591,326 B2 · Touch sensor integration with enlarged active area displays

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- Number: US 12,591,326 B2
- Document ID: US12591326B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 18/773,080
- Filed: 2024-07-15
- Published: 2025-01-23
- Granted: 2026-03-31
- Earliest claimed: 2023-07-17
- Assignees: Google Inc.
- Applicants: Google LLC
- Inventors: Chun-Yen Liu; Ion Bita; Young Seok Oh; Premal Parekh; Chiaching Chu
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12591326B2

## CPC

- G06F 3/0412: {Digitisers structurally integrated in a display}
- G06F 3/04164: {Connections between sensors and controllers, e.g. routing lines between electrodes and connection pads}
- G06F 1/163: {Wearable computers, e.g. on a belt}
- G06F 3/0443: {using a single layer of sensing electrodes}
- G06F 3/0446: {using a grid-like structure of electrodes in at least two directions, e.g. using row and column electrodes}
- H10K 59/126: Shielding, e.g. light-blocking means over the TFTs
- H10K 59/131: Interconnections, e.g. wiring lines or terminals
- H10K 59/40: OLEDs integrated with touch screens
- G06F 2203/04107: Shielding in digitiser, i.e. guard or shielding arrangements, mostly for capacitive touchscreens, e.g. driven shields, driven grounds
- G06F: ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING (computer systems based on specific computational models G06N)
- H10K: ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES

## Abstract

This document describes systems and techniques directed to touch sensor integration with enlarged active area displays. In aspects, a display includes a cover layer, an array of pixels, and a plurality of transistors that control an electrical activation of one or more pixels of the array of pixels. The plurality of transistors define a smaller area than the array of pixels such that at least one pixel of the array of pixels extends beyond the area defined by the plurality of transistors and above driving circuitry (“extended emitting area”). Variable pixel and/or transistor densities can support the extended emitting area. A touch sensor is integrated between the cover layer and the array of pixels and is operatively coupled to one or more touch trace routings that are, at least partially, disposed between the cover layer and one or more pixels within the extended emitting area.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A display comprising:
a cover layer defining a first plane and positioned as a topmost layer;
an array of pixels defining a second plane parallel to the first plane and disposed underneath the cover layer, the array of pixels having a first area along the second plane, one or more pixels of the array of pixels comprising at least one diode, the array of pixels having an inner region and an outer region, the outer region surrounding at least a portion of a perimeter of the inner region and comprising an extended emitting area;
a plurality of transistors defining a third plane substantially parallel to the second plane and positioned underneath the array of pixels, the plurality of transistors configured to control an electrical activation of one or more pixels within the array of pixels, the plurality of transistors having a second area along the third plane, the first area having an area larger than the second area, at least a portion of a difference in the areas including at least a portion of the extended emitting area, the plurality of transistors comprising an internal region and an external region, the external region surrounding at least a portion of a perimeter of the internal region, the internal region comprising a first transistor density and the external region comprising a second transistor density;
a touch sensor configured to detect user input; and
one or more touch trace routings operatively coupled to the touch sensor, the one or more touch trace routings disposed between the cover layer and one or more pixels of the array of pixels in the extended emitting area.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The display of claim 1, wherein the touch sensor comprises at least one of a self-type sensing technology or a mutual-type sensing technology.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The display of claim 1, wherein the one or more touch trace routings are further disposed between the cover layer and one or more pixels of the array of pixels outside of the extended emitting area.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The display of claim 1, wherein:
the inner region and the outer region each comprise a uniform distribution of pixels; and
the plurality of transistors within the third plane are uniformly distributed.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The display of claim 1, wherein:
the plurality of transistors within the third plane are uniformly distributed.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The display of claim 1, wherein:
the first transistor density is smaller than the second transistor density; and
the inner region and outer region comprise equivalent and uniform densities of pixels.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The display of claim 6, wherein a density of diodes in the inner region is equivalent to the first transistor density.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The display of claim 1, wherein:
the first transistor density is smaller than the second transistor density; and
the inner region comprises a first pixel density and the outer region comprises a second pixel density, the first pixel density greater than the second pixel density.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The display of claim 8, wherein a density of diodes in the inner region is equivalent to the first transistor density.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The display of claim 1, wherein each pixel of the array of pixels comprises one or more diodes, and wherein each transistor of the plurality of transistors is operatively coupled to a respective diode of the one or more diodes.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The display of claim 1, wherein the display comprises an elliptical form factor.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The display of claim 1, wherein the display is integrated into a wearable device.

### Claim 13 (depends on 1)

The display of claim 1, further comprising:
driving circuitry positioned at least partially within the third plane and at least partially underneath the extended emitting area, the driving circuitry configured to control one or more transistors of the plurality of transistors; and
a plurality of routing metals operatively coupling one or more pixels of the array of pixels to the plurality of transistors, at least one routing metal of the plurality of routing metals extending from the third plane to the second plane into the extended emitting area such that at least one pixel of the one or more pixels is disposed above at least portions of the driving circuitry.

### Claim 14 (depends on 13)

The display of claim 13, wherein:
the driving circuitry comprises at least one of a compensation capacitor, a high-level power supply voltage source, a demultiplexer circuit, a gate driver on array, source lines, or a low-level power supply voltage source; and
the at least one routing metal and the at least one pixel are disposed above at least one of the demultiplexer circuit or the gate driver on array.

### Claim 15 (depends on 13)

The display of claim 13, further comprising:
a shielding conductor layer that is configured to shield an anode from parasitic coupling capacitances originating from the driving circuitry, the shielding conductor layer operatively coupled to a direct-current reference voltage, and wherein the shielding conductor layer is disposed at least partially between the routing metal and the driving circuitry.

### Claim 16 (depends on 1)

The display of claim 1, wherein the one or more touch trace routings define a fourth plane parallel to the first plane and are disposed between the cover layer and the array of pixels, and wherein the one or more touch trace routings are routed in the fourth plane above the second plane in non-emitting areas of the extended emitting area.

### Claim 17 (depends on 1)

The display of claim 1, wherein the touch sensor is disposed between:
the cover layer and one or more pixels of the array of pixels in the extended emitting area;
the cover layer and one or more pixels of the array of pixels outside of the extended emitting area; or
the cover layer and one or more pixels of the array of pixels in both the extended emitting area and outside of the extended emitting area.

### Claim 18 (depends on 1)

The display of claim 1, wherein the internal region of the plurality of transistors has a uniform distribution of transistors and the external region of the plurality of transistors has a uniform distribution of transistors.

### Claim 19 (depends on 1)

The display of claim 1, wherein a spacing between pixels in the outer region is larger than a spacing between pixels in the inner region.

### Claim 20 (depends on 1)

The display of claim 1, wherein the touch sensor is a mutual unit sensor having metal bridges that bridge across intersections.