Ultrashort laser synthesis of nanoparticles of isotopes

A method of generating high fluorescence excitation signals, the method comprising:

• synthesizing nanoparticles of an isotope from a target using a laser beam, the synthesizing comprising:
• generating the laser beam;
• directing the laser beam to the target to convert the target into a plasma state;
• and
• bombarding the target in the plasma state with the laser beam to maintain the target in the plasma state and synthesize the nanoparticles of the isotope;
• wherein, during bombarding the target in the plasma state with the laser beam, the laser beam is configured to have a pulse frequency and a peak laser intensity that accelerates electrons in the plasma state and maintains the plasma state at a temperature high enough to provide for the synthesis of the nanoparticles of the isotope;
• and
• using the nanoparticles of the isotope to generate high fluorescence excitation signals in biological diagnostic applications.

A method generating high surface enhanced Raman excitation signals, the method comprising:

• synthesizing nanoparticles of an isotope from a target using a laser beam, the synthesizing comprising:
• generating the laser beam;
• directing the laser beam to the target to convert the target into a plasma state;
• and
• bombarding the target in the plasma state with the laser beam to maintain the target in the plasma state and synthesize the nanoparticles of the isotope;
• wherein, during bombarding the target in the plasma state with the laser beam, the laser beam is configured to have a pulse frequency and a peak laser intensity that accelerates electrons in the plasma state and maintains the plasma state at a temperature high enough to provide for the synthesis of the nanoparticles of the isotope;
• and
• using the nanoparticles of the isotope to generate high surface enhanced Raman excitation signals in biological diagnostic applications.

A method of using nanoparticles of an isotopes in biomedical applications, the method comprising:

• synthesizing the nanoparticles of the isotope from a target using a laser beam, the synthesizing comprising:
• generating the laser beam;
• directing the laser beam to the target to convert the target into a plasma state;
• and
• bombarding the target in the plasma state with the laser beam to maintain the target in the plasma state and synthesize the nanoparticles of the isotope;
• wherein, during bombarding the target in the plasma state with the laser beam, the laser beam is configured to have a pulse frequency and a peak laser intensity that accelerates electrons in the plasma state and maintains the plasma state at a temperature high enough to provide for the synthesis of the nanoparticles of the isotope;
• and
• using the nanoparticles of the isotope in biomedical applications, the nanoparticles of the isotope having a biodegradable property.

An apparatus for synthesizing nanoparticles of an isotope from a target using a laser beam, the apparatus comprising:

• a laser that is configured to generate laser beam pulses;
• and
• an optical arrangement that is optically coupled to the laser source and configured to receive the laser beam pulses and direct the laser beam pulses towards the target;
• wherein the laser beam pulses are generated at a pulse frequency and a peak laser intensity to convert the target into a plasma state, maintain the target in the plasma state at a temperature high enough to synthesize the nanoparticles of the isotope.