All-printed bifacial carbon-based perovskite solar module with tailorable optoelectrical characteristics made under ambient air

A method of manufacturing a bifacial carbon-based perovskite photovoltaic module, comprising:

• combining two inkjet-printed carbon-based perovskite solar sub-modules,
• wherein each sub-module includes:
• a plurality of solar stripes, each of the solar stripes comprising:
• a surface conductive substrate;
• an electron-transport-layer comprised of at least one of:
• a titanium oxide or a tin oxide-titanium oxide combination;
• a perovskite active layer;
• and
• an opaque carbon electrode,
• wherein the two sub-modules comprise a front sub-module and a rear sub-module arranged in a configuration where the carbon electrodes of each face one another, and
• wherein the front sub-module is configured without a hole-transport-layer and the rear sub-module includes a hole-transport-layer;
• and
• applying an encapsulant on a rear-face of each sub-module to assemble a single device using heating and pressure under vacuum.