Quantum circuits for moving a surface code patch

A quantum computing apparatus comprising:

• a plurality of qubits, wherein each qubit in the plurality of qubits is one of two functional types, the two functional types comprising measure qubits and data qubits;
• qubit couplers defining nearest neighbor interactions between the plurality of qubits;
• and
• control electronics configured to operate the plurality of qubits and qubit couplers, wherein the control electronics are configured to perform operations for implementing a first surface code cycle, the operations comprising:
• performing a first surface code cycle in a system comprising a plurality of qubits, wherein each qubit in the plurality of qubits is one of two functional types, the two functional types comprising measure qubits and data qubits, wherein performing the first surface code cycle comprises:
• applying a first controlled NOT (CNOT) gate to a measure qubit and a first data qubit, wherein the first data qubit is coupled to the measure qubit in a first direction and the first CNOT gate targets one of the measure qubits and the first data qubit;
• and
• applying a second CNOT gate to the measure qubit and the first data qubit, wherein the second CNOT gate targets another of the measure qubit and the first data qubit;
• wherein performing the first surface code cycle transfers information stored by the measure qubit and information stored by the first data qubit to other qubits in the plurality of qubits to logically move the measure qubit and the first data qubit.