Dynamic Nano-DIHM for real-time and in-situ measurement of particles such as viruses

A method of performing measurements comprising:

• propagating a light beam through a pinhole, and propagating a diverging beam exiting the pinhole first across a medium including particles and then to a sensor;
• acquiring, with the sensor, a hologram constructed from the interaction between the diverging beam and particles, the hologram including scattering information of the particles;
• performing a numerical reconstruction of the hologram;
• changing the distance between the pinhole and the medium including the particles and repeating the steps of propagating, acquiring, and preforming a numerical reconstruction for a plurality of different planes extending between the pinhole and the medium including the particles the planes being perpendicular to an orientation defined between the pinhole and the sensor;
• and
• determining, from the numerical reconstructions of the holograms, at least one of shape, size, intensity and phase of the particles from the scattering information of said particles.