Inorganic solid silicon-based sulfonic acid and/or phosphoric acid catalyst, preparation method therefor, and application thereof

An inorganic solid silicon-based sulfonic acid and/or phosphoric acid catalyst (h-SSA) in granular form or powder form, comprising:

• a substrate component (A):
• a silicon-containing substrate without sulfonic acid group(s) phosphoric acid group(s);
• and
• a silicon-based acid component (B):
• inorganic silicon-based sulfonic acid and/or phosphoric acid containing sulfonic acid group(s) and/or phosphoric acid group(s);
• wherein the substrate component (A) in the above-mentioned silicon-based sulfonic acid and/or phosphoric acid catalyst (h-SSA) includes or is selected from one or two or three of the following silicon-containing substrate components:
• (1) metasilicic acid;
• (2) silica gel, and (3) silica;
• wherein the inorganic silicon-based sulfonic acid and/or phosphoric acid containing a sulfonic acid group(s) and/or a phosphoric acid group(s) includes one or more selected from a compound of the general formula (I), a compound of the general formula (II) and a compound of the general formula (III):
• in the above formulae, -AG1 and -AG2 are each independently —O—SO3H, —O—PO3H2 or —OH, and -AG1 and -AG2 are not both —OH;
• wherein the acid amount of the solid acid catalyst (h-SSA) is 0.4-7.0 mmol/g, wherein the acid amount is the amount of acids measured for covalently bonded sulfonic acid groups and phosphoric acid groups in the solid acid catalyst;
• and
• wherein the average particle size of the solid acid catalyst (h-SSA) is 15-700 μm.