Systems and methods for generating radionuclides

A system comprising:

• a first cartridge having a first opening, a second opening, and a chamber therebetween comprising a first resin having affinity for thorium-228 and bismuth-212;
• a second cartridge having a first opening, a second opening, and a chamber therebetween comprising a second resin having affinity for thorium-228, wherein the second resin is distinct from the first resin;
• a third cartridge having a first opening, a second opening, and a chamber therebetween comprising a third resin having affinity for thorium-228 and bismuth-212, wherein the third resin is distinct from the second resin;
• and
• a fourth cartridge having a first opening, a second opening, and a chamber therebetween comprising a fourth resin having affinity for lead-212;
• and
• optionally further comprising a collection vial fluidically in line with a bottom of the fourth cartridge, wherein the collection vial comprises radium-224;
• and
• wherein a continuous flow path is formed from a top of the first cartridge though the second cartridge, through the third cartridge, and to the bottom of the fourth cartridge during system use.