Synthesis of fluorinated nucleotides

A process for preparing a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, or solvate thereof:

• wherein each R is independently selected from the group consisting of H, Na, and K, comprising
• reacting a compound of Formula (I-2) with at least one Reducing Agent to provide a compound of Formula (I-1):
• reacting the compound of Formula (I-1) with a thiophosphorylating agent in the presence of at least one Catalyst A and at least one Base A in the presence of at least one Solvent A, to form a compound of Formula (I-1′) and then reacting the compound of Formula (I-1′) with at least one Base B in the presence of at least one Solvent B:
• wherein each R1 is selected from the group consisting of C1-C12 alkyl, benzyl, aryl, and heteroaryl, wherein
• the at least one thiophosphorylating agent is thiophosphoryl chloride;
• and
• the at least one Catalyst A is selected from the group consisting of