A lithium-rich iron-based composite material, comprising a lithium-rich iron-based material having a molecular formula of aLiFeO2·bLi2O·cMxOy, wherein a, b, and c are numbers of moles, and 0<c/(a+b+c)≤0.02, 1.8≤b/a<2.1, M is a doping element, and 1≤y/x≤2.5;
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- wherein the lithium-rich iron-based composite material is in a form of particles, with a particle size of 1 μm≤D50≤15 μm, D10/D50≥0.3, D90/D50≤2;
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- in a Raman spectrum of the lithium-rich iron-based composite material, intensities of scattering peaks at wavelengths of 1330 cm−1 and 1580 cm−1 are respectively recorded as ID and IG, where ID/IG<4.0.