Nanoporous cerium oxide nanoparticle macro-structures in paints and coatings

A paint or coating formulation comprising:

• nanoporous cerium oxide nanoparticle macro-structure, in a liquid media, comprising a plurality of cerium oxide nanoparticles having a diameter in the range of 10 nm to 100 nm present as a macro-structure, where the cerium oxide nanoparticles adhere to one another to form the nanoporous cerium oxide nanoparticle macro-structure having a macro-structure diameter in the range of 50 nm to 30,000 nm and a macro-structure pore diameter in the range of 10 nm to 1100 nm, wherein said nanoporous cerium oxide nanoparticle macro-structure is present in said paint or coating formulation at a level of 0.01% wt. to 10.0% wt., wherein said liquid media comprises a polymer emulsion, and wherein said paint or coating formulation comprises a pigment or dye.