Microstrip patch log periodic antenna (MSPLPA) scaling methodology using non-planar antenna geometries and additive manufacturing

A microstrip patch log periodic antenna comprising:

• a plurality of patches, wherein the plurality of patches are arranged in a log-periodic array, wherein the log-periodic array is periodic according to a scaling factor (τ);
• a feed line, wherein the plurality of patches are connected to the feed line in parallel;
• a plurality of branch lines, wherein the plurality of branch lines are connected between the feed line and the plurality of patches;
• a first printed circuit board, wherein the plurality of patches, the feed line, and the plurality of branch lines are disposed on the first printed circuit board;
• a scaled dielectric, wherein the first printed circuit board is disposed on the scaled dielectric, wherein the scaled dielectric includes a top surface, a bottom surface, and a height (h) defined between the top surface and the bottom surface;
• a ground plane, wherein the scaled dielectric is disposed on the ground plane, wherein a top surface of the ground plane conforms to the bottom surface of the scaled dielectric;
• and
• a second printed circuit board, wherein the ground plane is disposed on the second printed circuit board, wherein a top surface of the second printed circuit board conforms to a bottom surface of the ground plane;
• wherein the scaled dielectric comprises an effective dielectric constant (εeff), wherein the effective dielectric constant (εeff) is scaled according to the scaling factor (τ).