Method for the pyrometallurgical smelting of metal-containing raw materials, waste materials and/or secondary waste materials

A method for pyrometallurgical smelting, comprising:

• feeding metal-containing raw material, waste material, and/or secondary waste material (M) in shredded form to a smelting unit (1) which comprises
• a smelting zone (6),
• a main reaction zone (7), and
• a secondary reaction zone (8);
• and
• smelting the material (M) in presence of an oxidizing, reducing and/or inert gas and/or
• gas mixture (G), and thereby forming
• a liquid melt phase (9),
• a liquid slag phase (10), and
• a gas phase,
• wherein the oxidizing, reducing and/or inert gas and/or gas mixture (G)
• has a positive Joule-Thompson coefficient (μ), and
• is fed in compressed form via at least one injector (11), and
• is adiabatically expanded within the smelting unit (1) and is then
• injected as adiabatically expanded gas and/or gas mixture into the liquid slag phase (10) in such a manner that a cooling effect of at least 10 J/Nm3 and at most 100 KJ/Nm3 is achieved.